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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ 12,345 $ 4,519 $ 5,690
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Taxes and Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests 704 2,548 4,153
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., basic 13,049 7,067 9,843
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., diluted $ 13,049 $ 7,067 $ 9,843
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,530 2,530 2,565
Common shares issuable (in shares) 8 11 15
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,538 2,541 2,580
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders      
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) $ 4.88 $ 1.79 $ 2.22
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0.28 1.01 1.62
Net Income (in dollars per share) 5.16 2.79 3.84
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders      
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) 4.86 1.78 2.21
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0.28 1.00 1.61
Net Income (in dollars per share) $ 5.14 $ 2.78 $ 3.81