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Other (Income) Expense, Net
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Other (Income) Expense, Net Other (Income) Expense, Net
Other (income) expense, net, consisted of: 
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
($ in millions)20222021
Interest income$(7)$(11)
Interest expense243 200 
Exchange losses39 41 
Loss (income) from investments in equity securities, net (1)
708 (574)
Net periodic defined benefit plan (credit) cost other than service cost(121)(89)
Other, net(154)(22)
 $708 $(455)
(1)    Includes net realized and unrealized gains and losses from investments in equity securities either owned directly or through ownership interests in investment funds. Unrealized gains and losses from investments that are directly owned are determined at the end of the reporting period, while gains and losses from ownership interests in investment funds are accounted for on a one quarter lag. The Company estimates that losses of approximately $300 million will be recorded in the second quarter of 2022 from ownership interests in investment funds.
Interest paid for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $211 million and $217 million, respectively.