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Equity - Rollforward Reconciliations (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Mar. 31, 2021
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,049,499,023  
Equity, beginning balance $ 38,257 $ 25,404
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 4,310 3,179
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 60 12
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,754) (1,653)
Share-based compensation plans and other 83 90
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests $ (3) 7
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,048,727,225  
Equity, ending balance $ 40,953 $ 27,039
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.69 $ 0.65
   Common Stock    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 44,238 39,588
Share-based compensation plans and other 37 25
Equity, ending balance 44,275 39,613
Retained Earnings    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 53,696 47,362
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 4,310 3,179
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,754) (1,653)
Equity, ending balance 56,252 48,888
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance (4,429) (6,634)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 60 12
Equity, ending balance $ (4,369) $ (6,622)
  Treasury Stock    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,049,000,000 1,047,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ (57,109) $ (56,787)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) 0 (1,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 46 $ 65
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,049,000,000 1,046,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (57,063) $ (56,722)
Non- controlling Interests    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 73 87
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (3) 7
Equity, ending balance $ 70 $ 94