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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Mar. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]    
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ 4,310 $ 2,745
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Taxes and Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests 0 434
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., basic 4,310 3,179
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., diluted $ 4,310 $ 3,179
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,528 2,531
Common shares issuable (in shares) 9 10
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,537 2,541
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders:    
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) $ 1.70 $ 1.08
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0 0.17
Net Income (in dollars per share) 1.70 1.26
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders:    
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) 1.70 1.08
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0 0.17
Net Income (in dollars per share) $ 1.70 $ 1.25