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Equity - Rollforward Reconciliations (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)     1,049,499,023  
Equity, beginning balance $ 40,953 $ 27,039 $ 38,257 $ 25,404
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 3,944 1,545 8,254 4,724
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 42 1,545 102 1,557
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,759) (1,656) (3,513) (3,309)
Treasury stock shares purchased   (239)   (239)
Spin-off of Organon & Co.   5,091   5,091
Share-based compensation plans and other 133 62 216 152
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 5 1 $ 2 8
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,043,894,068   1,043,894,068  
Equity, ending balance $ 43,318 $ 33,388 $ 43,318 $ 33,388
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.69 $ 0.65 $ 1.38 $ 1.30
   Common Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 44,275 39,613 44,238 39,588
Spin-off of Organon & Co.   4,643   4,643
Share-based compensation plans and other (160) (217) (123) (192)
Equity, ending balance 44,115 44,039 44,115 44,039
Retained Earnings        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 56,252 48,888 53,696 47,362
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 3,944 1,545 8,254 4,724
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,759) (1,656) (3,513) (3,309)
Equity, ending balance 58,437 48,777 58,437 48,777
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance (4,369) (6,622) (4,429) (6,634)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes 42 1,545 102 1,557
Spin-off of Organon & Co.   449   449
Equity, ending balance $ (4,327) $ (4,628) $ (4,327) $ (4,628)
  Treasury Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,049,000,000 1,046,000,000 1,049,000,000 1,047,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ (57,063) $ (56,722) $ (57,109) $ (56,787)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares)   3,000,000   3,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased   $ (239)   $ (239)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) (5,000,000) (5,000,000) (5,000,000) (6,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 293 $ 279 $ 339 $ 344
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,044,000,000 1,044,000,000 1,044,000,000 1,044,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (56,770) $ (56,682) $ (56,770) $ (56,682)
Non- controlling Interests        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 70 94 73 87
Spin-off of Organon & Co.   (1)   (1)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 5 1 2 8
Equity, ending balance $ 75 $ 94 $ 75 $ 94