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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Jun. 30, 2022
Jun. 30, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]        
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ 3,944 $ 1,213 $ 8,254 $ 3,958
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Taxes and Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests 0 332 0 766
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., basic 3,944 1,545 8,254 4,724
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., diluted $ 3,944 $ 1,545 $ 8,254 $ 4,724
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,531 2,533 2,529 2,532
Common shares issuable (in shares) 9 7 9 8
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,540 2,540 2,538 2,540
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders:        
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) $ 1.56 $ 0.48 $ 3.26 $ 1.56
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0 0.13 0 0.30
Net Income (in dollars per share) 1.56 0.61 3.26 1.87
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders:        
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) 1.55 0.48 3.25 1.56
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0 0.13 0 0.30
Net Income (in dollars per share) $ 1.55 $ 0.61 $ 3.25 $ 1.86