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Taxes on Income
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Taxes on Income Taxes on Income
The effective income tax rates from continuing operations were 9.2% and 13.2% for the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 11.0% and 14.4% for the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. The effective income tax rates from continuing operations reflect the beneficial impact of foreign earnings. The effective income tax rates from continuing operations in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022 also include the favorable impact of net unrealized losses from investments in equity securities and intangible asset impairment charges, which were taxed at the U.S. tax rate. The effective income tax rate from continuing operations in the first nine months of 2021 reflects the unfavorable effect of a charge for the acquisition of Pandion for which no tax benefit was recognized, as well as a net tax benefit of $207 million related to the settlement of certain federal income tax matters as discussed below.
In the first quarter of 2021, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) concluded its examinations of Merck’s 2015-2016 U.S. federal income tax returns. As a result, the Company was required to make a payment of $190 million (of which $172 million related to continuing operations and $18 million related to discontinued operations). The Company’s reserves for unrecognized tax benefits for the years under examination exceeded the adjustments relating to this examination period and therefore the Company recorded a $236 million net tax benefit in the first nine months of 2021 (of which $207 million related to continuing operations and $29 million related to discontinued operations). This net benefit reflects reductions in reserves for unrecognized tax benefits and other related liabilities for tax positions relating to the years that were under examination.