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Equity - Rollforward Reconciliations (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Sep. 30, 2021
Sep. 30, 2022
Sep. 30, 2021
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)     1,049,499,023  
Equity, beginning balance $ 43,318 $ 33,388 $ 38,257 $ 25,404
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 3,248 4,567 11,502 9,291
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (416) 38 (314) 1,595
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,757) (1,653) (5,270) (4,962)
Treasury stock shares purchased   (583)   (822)
Spin-off of Organon & Co.       5,091
Share-based compensation plans and other 140 131 356 283
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 5 4 6 12
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests $ (14) (29) $ (13) (29)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,043,697,097   1,043,697,097  
Equity, ending balance $ 44,524 $ 35,863 $ 44,524 $ 35,863
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.69 $ 0.65 $ 2.07 $ 1.95
   Common Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 44,115 44,039 44,238 39,588
Spin-off of Organon & Co.       4,643
Share-based compensation plans and other 128 110 5 (82)
Equity, ending balance 44,243 44,149 44,243 44,149
Retained Earnings        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 58,437 48,777 53,696 47,362
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 3,248 4,567 11,502 9,291
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,757) (1,653) (5,270) (4,962)
Equity, ending balance 59,928 51,691 59,928 51,691
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance (4,327) (4,628) (4,429) (6,634)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (416) 38 (314) 1,595
Spin-off of Organon & Co.       449
Equity, ending balance $ (4,743) $ (4,590) $ (4,743) $ (4,590)
  Treasury Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,044,000,000 1,044,000,000 1,049,000,000 1,047,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ (56,770) $ (56,682) $ (57,109) $ (56,787)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares)   8,000,000   11,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased   $ (583)   $ (822)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares)     (5,000,000) (6,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 12 $ 21 $ 351 $ 365
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,044,000,000 1,052,000,000 1,044,000,000 1,052,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (56,758) $ (57,244) $ (56,758) $ (57,244)
Non- controlling Interests        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 75 94 73 87
Spin-off of Organon & Co.       (1)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 5 4 6 12
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests (14) (29) (13) (29)
Equity, ending balance $ 66 $ 69 $ 66 $ 69