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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Sep. 30, 2021
Sep. 30, 2022
Sep. 30, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]        
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ 3,248 $ 4,567 $ 11,502 $ 8,525
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Taxes and Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests 0 0 0 766
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., basic 3,248 4,567 11,502 9,291
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., diluted $ 3,248 $ 4,567 $ 11,502 $ 9,291
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,533 2,530 2,531 2,531
Common shares issuable (in shares) 9 6 9 8
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,542 2,536 2,540 2,539
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders:        
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) $ 1.28 $ 1.81 $ 4.55 $ 3.37
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0 0 0 0.30
Net Income (in dollars per share) 1.28 1.81 4.55 3.67
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders:        
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) 1.28 1.80 4.53 3.36
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0 0 0 0.30
Net Income (in dollars per share) $ 1.28 $ 1.80 $ 4.53 $ 3.66