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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans - Obligation and Funded Status (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Other Postretirement Benefits      
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]      
Fair value of plan assets January 1 $ 1,292 $ 1,221  
Actual return on plan assets (306) 118  
Company contributions 46 33  
Effects of exchange rate changes 0 0  
Benefits paid (90) (86)  
Settlements 0 0  
Spin-off of Organon 0 0  
Other 5 6  
Fair value of plan assets December 31 947 1,292 $ 1,221
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]      
Benefit obligation January 1 1,541 1,607  
Service cost 48 48 52
Interest cost 46 45 57
Actuarial (gains) losses (392) (103)  
Benefits paid (90) (86)  
Effects of exchange rate changes (1) (1)  
Plan amendments 0 0  
Curtailments 0 (12)  
Termination benefits 0 37 2
Settlements 0 0  
Spin-off of Organon 0 0  
Other 5 6  
Benefit obligation December 31 1,157 1,541 1,607
Funded status December 31 (210) (249)  
Recognized as:      
Other Assets 0 0  
Accrued and other current liabilities (8) (8)  
Other Noncurrent Liabilities (202) (241)  
United States | Pension Benefits      
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]      
Fair value of plan assets January 1 13,067 12,672  
Actual return on plan assets (3,129) 1,250  
Company contributions 293 305  
Effects of exchange rate changes 0 0  
Benefits paid (219) (219)  
Settlements (918) (941)  
Spin-off of Organon 0 0  
Other 0 0  
Fair value of plan assets December 31 9,094 13,067 12,672
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]      
Benefit obligation January 1 13,999 14,613  
Service cost 372 403 360
Interest cost 457 404 431
Actuarial (gains) losses (3,851) (332)  
Benefits paid (219) (219)  
Effects of exchange rate changes 0 0  
Plan amendments 0 0  
Curtailments 12 15  
Termination benefits 2 56 10
Settlements (918) (941)  
Spin-off of Organon 0 0  
Other 0 0  
Benefit obligation December 31 9,854 13,999 14,613
Funded status December 31 (760) (932)  
Recognized as:      
Other Assets 5 9  
Accrued and other current liabilities (59) (64)  
Other Noncurrent Liabilities (706) (877)  
International | Pension Benefits      
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]      
Fair value of plan assets January 1 12,195 12,009  
Actual return on plan assets (2,793) 891  
Company contributions 155 189  
Effects of exchange rate changes (848) (671)  
Benefits paid (250) (233)  
Settlements (16) (55)  
Spin-off of Organon 0 (55)  
Other 30 120  
Fair value of plan assets December 31 8,473 12,195 12,009
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]      
Benefit obligation January 1 11,575 12,458  
Service cost 283 328 297
Interest cost 145 123 136
Actuarial (gains) losses (3,283) (240)  
Benefits paid (250) (233)  
Effects of exchange rate changes (732) (678)  
Plan amendments 4 4  
Curtailments 0 (38)  
Termination benefits 1 5 3
Settlements (16) (55)  
Spin-off of Organon 0 (118)  
Other 28 19  
Benefit obligation December 31 7,755 11,575 $ 12,458
Funded status December 31 718 620  
Recognized as:      
Other Assets 1,052 1,395  
Accrued and other current liabilities (19) (22)  
Other Noncurrent Liabilities $ (315) $ (753)