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Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2022
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2022
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)     1,039,269,638  
Equity, beginning balance $ 38,742 $ 43,318 $ 46,058 $ 38,257
Net (loss) income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 4,745 3,248 1,591 11,502
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (16) (416) (148) (314)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,861) (1,757) (5,590) (5,270)
Treasury stock shares purchased (466)   (953)  
Share-based compensation plans and other 151 140 355 356
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 5 5 12 6
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   (14) $ (25) (13)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,041,809,729   1,041,809,729  
Equity, ending balance $ 41,300 $ 44,524 $ 41,300 $ 44,524
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.73 $ 0.69 $ 2.19 $ 2.07
  Common Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 44,219 44,115 44,379 44,238
Share-based compensation plans and other 139 128 (21) 5
Equity, ending balance 44,358 44,243 44,358 44,243
Retained Earnings        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 54,198 58,437 61,081 53,696
Net (loss) income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 4,745 3,248 1,591 11,502
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,861) (1,757) (5,590) (5,270)
Equity, ending balance 57,082 59,928 57,082 59,928
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance (4,900) (4,327) (4,768) (4,429)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (16) (416) (148) (314)
Equity, ending balance $ (4,916) $ (4,743) $ (4,916) $ (4,743)
 Treasury Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,038,000,000 1,044,000,000 1,039,000,000 1,049,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ (56,612) $ (56,770) $ (56,489) $ (57,109)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) 4,000,000   9,000,000  
Treasury stock shares purchased $ (466)   $ (953)  
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) 0 0 (6,000,000) (5,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 12 $ 12 $ 376 $ 351
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,042,000,000 1,044,000,000 1,042,000,000 1,044,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (57,066) $ (56,758) $ (57,066) $ (56,758)
Non- controlling Interests        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 49 75 67 73
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 5 5 12 6
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   (14) (25) (13)
Equity, ending balance $ 54 $ 66 $ 54 $ 66