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Equity | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract] |
Equity | Equity The Merck certificate of incorporation authorizes 6,500,000,000 shares of common stock and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Capital Stock A summary of common stock and treasury stock transactions (shares in millions) is as follows:
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Treasury Stock
Balance January 1 | 3,577 |  |  | 1,039 |  |  | 3,577 |  |  | 1,049 |  |  | 3,577 |  |  | 1,047 |
Purchases of treasury stock | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Issuances (1) | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (10) |  |  | — |  |  | (9) |
Balance December 31 | 3,577 |  |  | 1,045 |  |  | 3,577 |  |  | 1,039 |  |  | 3,577 |  |  | 1,049 |
(1) Issuances primarily reflect activity under share-based compensation plans.

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