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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ 365 $ 14,519 $ 12,345
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Taxes and Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests 0 0 704
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., basic 365 14,519 13,049
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., diluted $ 365 $ 14,519 $ 13,049
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,537 2,532 2,530
Common shares issuable (in shares) 10 10 8
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,547 2,542 2,538
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders      
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) $ 0.14 $ 5.73 $ 4.88
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0 0 0.28
Net Income (in dollars per share) 0.14 5.73 5.16
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders      
Income from Continuing Operations (in dollars per share) 0.14 5.71 4.86
Income from Discontinued Operations (in dollars per share) 0 0 0.28
Net Income (in dollars per share) $ 0.14 $ 5.71 $ 5.14