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Equity
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Equity [Abstract]  
Equity Equity
The Merck certificate of incorporation authorizes 6,500,000,000 shares of common stock and 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock.
Capital Stock
A summary of common stock and treasury stock transactions (shares in millions) is as follows:
 202320222021
  Common
Stock
Treasury
Stock
Common
Stock
Treasury
Stock
Common
Stock
Treasury
Stock
Balance January 13,577 1,039 3,577 1,049 3,577 1,047 
Purchases of treasury stock 13 — — — 11 
Issuances (1)
 (7)— (10)— (9)
Balance December 313,577 1,045 3,577 1,039 3,577 1,049 
(1)     Issuances primarily reflect activity under share-based compensation plans.