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Earnings per Share
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Earnings per Share Earnings per Share
The calculations of earnings per share (shares in millions) are as follows:
Years Ended December 31202320222021
Net Income from Continuing Operations Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.$365 $14,519 $12,345 
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Taxes and Amounts Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests— — 704 
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc.$365 $14,519 $13,049 
Average common shares outstanding2,537 2,532 2,530 
Common shares issuable (1)
10 10 8 
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution2,547 2,542 2,538 
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders:
Income from Continuing Operations$0.14 $5.73 $4.88 
Income from Discontinued Operations— — 0.28 
Net Income$0.14 $5.73 $5.16 
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders:
Income from Continuing Operations$0.14 $5.71 $4.86 
Income from Discontinued Operations— — 0.28 
Net Income$0.14 $5.71 $5.14 
(1)     Issuable primarily under share-based compensation plans.
In 2023, 2022 and 2021, 5 million, 2 million and 9 million, respectively, of common shares issuable under share-based compensation plans were excluded from the computation of earnings per common share assuming dilution because the effect would have been antidilutive.