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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost

The net periodic benefit cost (credit) for pension and other postretirement benefit plans (including certain costs reported as part of discontinued operations) consisted of the following components:

			Pension Benefits
			U.S.																		International																		Other Postretirement Benefits
Years Ended December 31			2023						2022						2021						2023						2022						2021						2023						2022						2021
Service cost			$	326					$	372					$	403					$	196					$	283					$	328					$	32					$	48					$	48
Interest cost			526						457						404						299						145						123						63						46						45
Expected return on plan assets			(735)						(753)						(755)						(517)						(383)						(416)						(64)						(86)						(79)
Amortization of unrecognized prior service (credit) cost			(1)						(32)						(38)						2						(14)						(16)						(49)						(57)						(63)
Net loss (gain) amortization			—						128						298						(3)						96						142						(42)						(43)						(42)
Termination benefits			3						2						56						—						1						5						—						—						37
Curtailments			8						12						16						(1)						—						(26)						(1)						(1)						(29)
Settlements			28						239						216						(5)						1						8						—						—						—
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)			$	155					$	425					$	600					$	(29)					$	129					$	148					$	(61)					$	(93)					$	(83)

Obligation and Funded Status

Summarized information about the changes in plan assets and benefit obligations, the funded status and the amounts recorded at December 31 is as follows:

			Pension Benefits																								Other Postretirement Benefits
			U.S.												International
			2023						2022						2023						2022						2023						2022
Fair value of plan assets January 1			$	9,094					$	13,067					$	8,473					$	12,195					$	947					$	1,292
Actual return on plan assets			1,077						(3,129)						832						(2,793)						115						(306)
Company contributions			307						293						249						155						74						46
Effects of exchange rate changes			—						—						283						(848)						—						—
Benefits paid			(497)						(219)						(256)						(250)						(95)						(90)
Settlements			(177)						(918)						(53)						(16)						(2)						—
Other			—						—						34						30						6						5
Fair value of plan assets December 31			$	9,804					$	9,094					$	9,562					$	8,473					$	1,045					$	947
Benefit obligation January 1			$	9,854					$	13,999					$	7,755					$	11,575					$	1,157					$	1,541
Service cost			326						372						196						283						32						48
Interest cost			526						457						299						145						63						46
Actuarial losses (gains) (1)			403						(3,851)						766						(3,283)						(58)						(392)
Benefits paid			(497)						(219)						(256)						(250)						(95)						(90)
Effects of exchange rate changes			—						—						288						(732)						1						(1)
Plan amendments			—						—						14						4						—						—
Curtailments			8						12						(1)						—						—						—
Termination benefits			3						2						—						1						—						—
Settlements			(177)						(918)						(53)						(16)						(2)						—
Other			—						—						34						28						6						5
Benefit obligation December 31			$	10,446					$	9,854					$	9,042					$	7,755					$	1,104					$	1,157
Funded status December 31			$	(642)					$	(760)					$	520					$	718					$	(59)					$	(210)
Recognized as:
Other Assets			$	—					$	5					$	1,019					$	1,052					$	107					$	—
Accrued and other current liabilities			(49)						(59)						(19)						(19)						(8)						(8)
Other Noncurrent Liabilities			(593)						(706)						(480)						(315)						(158)						(202)

(1)    Actuarial losses (gains) primarily reflect changes in discount rates.

Funded Status of Selected Pension Plans

Information related to the funded status of selected pension plans at December 31 is as follows:

			U.S.												International
			2023						2022						2023						2022
Pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
Projected benefit obligation			$	10,446					$	9,186					$	2,961					$	2,779
Fair value of plan assets			9,804						8,421						2,462						2,445
Pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
Accumulated benefit obligation			$	9,700					$	9,081					$	1,791					$	1,226
Fair value of plan assets			9,186						8,421						1,336						948

Funded Status of Selected Pension Plans

Information related to the funded status of selected pension plans at December 31 is as follows:

			U.S.												International
			2023						2022						2023						2022
Pension plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
Projected benefit obligation			$	10,446					$	9,186					$	2,961					$	2,779
Fair value of plan assets			9,804						8,421						2,462						2,445
Pension plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets
Accumulated benefit obligation			$	9,700					$	9,081					$	1,791					$	1,226
Fair value of plan assets			9,186						8,421						1,336						948

Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets

The fair values of the Company’s pension plan assets at December 31 by asset category are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements Using																														Fair Value Measurements Using
			Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						NAV (1)						Total						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						NAV (1)						Total
			2023																														2022
U.S. Pension Plans
Cash and cash equivalents			$	34					$	—					$	—					$	124					$	158					$	38					$	—					$	—					$	109					$	147
Investment funds
Developed markets equities			224						—						—						2,573						2,797						211						—						—						2,443						2,654
Emerging markets equities			—						—						—						740						740						—						—						—						707						707
Real estate			—						—						—						113						113						—						—						—						131						131
Equity securities
Developed markets			2,071						—						—						—						2,071						1,956						—						—						—						1,956
Fixed income securities
Government and agency obligations			—						2,307						—						—						2,307						—						2,047						—						—						2,047
Corporate obligations			—						1,485						—						—						1,485						—						1,438						—						—						1,438
Mortgage and asset-backed securities			—						21						—						—						21						—						22						—						—						22
Other investments (liabilities)
Derivatives			109						—						—						—						109						(12)						—						—						—						(12)
Other			—						—						3						—						3						—						—						4						—						4
Plan assets at fair value			$	2,438					$	3,813					$	3					$	3,550					$	9,804					$	2,193					$	3,507					$	4					$	3,390					$	9,094
International Pension Plans
Cash and cash equivalents			$	98					$	—					$	—					$	20					$	118					$	57					$	8					$	—					$	13					$	78
Investment funds
Developed markets equities			507						3,257						—						106						3,870						375						2,957						—						90						3,422
Government and agency obligations			234						3,123						—						166						3,523						177						2,656						—						130						2,963
Corporate obligations			23						8						—						166						197						8						9						—						129						146
Emerging markets equities			44						—						—						66						110						52						—						—						59						111
Other fixed income obligations			9						8						—						3						20						10						7						—						4						21
Real estate			—						—						—						10						10						—						1						—						10						11
Equity securities
Developed markets			278						—						—						—						278						263						—						—						—						263
Fixed income securities
Government and agency obligations			—						423						—						—						423						—						450						—						—						450
Corporate obligations			—						160						—						—						160						—						157						—						—						157
Mortgage and asset-backed securities			—						61						—						—						61						—						69						—						—						69
Other investments
Insurance contracts (2)			—						1						785						2						788						—						18						761						1						780
Other			4						—						—						—						4						1						1						—						—						2
Plan assets at fair value			$	1,197					$	7,041					$	785					$	539					$	9,562					$	943					$	6,333					$	761					$	436					$	8,473

(1)    Certain investments that were measured at net asset value (NAV) per share or its equivalent have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The NAV amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(2)    The plans’ Level 3 investments in insurance contracts are generally valued using a crediting rate that approximates market returns and invest in underlying securities whose market values are unobservable and determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques.

The fair values of the Company’s other postretirement benefit plan assets at December 31 by asset category are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements Using																														Fair Value Measurements Using
			Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						NAV (1)						Total						Level 1						Level 2						Level 3						NAV (1)						Total
			2023																														2022
Cash and cash equivalents			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	13					$	13					$	1					$	—					$	—					$	9					$	10
Investment funds
Developed markets equities			24						—						—						277						301						22						—						—						257						279
Emerging markets equities			—						—						—						80						80						—						—						—						74						74
Real estate			—						—						—						12						12						—						—						—						14						14
Equity securities																																																									—
Developed markets			223						—						—						—						223						206						—						—						—						206
Fixed income securities
Government and agency obligations			—						245						—						—						245						—						226						—						—						226
Corporate obligations			—						157						—						—						157						—						137						—						—						137
Mortgage and asset-backed securities			—						2						—						—						2						—						2						—						—						2
Other Investments (liabilities)
Derivatives			12						—						—						—						12						(1)						—						—						—						(1)
Plan assets at fair value			$	259					$	404					$	—					$	382					$	1,045					$	228					$	365					$	—					$	354					$	947

(1)    Certain investments that were measured at net asset value (NAV) per share or its equivalent have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The NAV amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the fair value of plan assets at December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Company's Level 3 Pension Plan Assets

The table below provides a summary of the changes in fair value, including transfers in and/or out, of all financial assets measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the Company’s pension plan assets:

			2023																		2022
			Insurance Contracts						Other						Total						Insurance Contracts						Other						Total
U.S. Pension Plans
Balance January 1			$	—					$	4					$	4					$	—					$	6					$	6
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets still held at December 31			—						(2)						(2)						—						(3)						(3)
Relating to assets sold during the year			—						2						2						—						2						2
Purchases and sales, net			—						(1)						(1)						—						(1)						(1)
Balance December 31			$	—					$	3					$	3					$	—					$	4					$	4
International Pension Plans
Balance January 1			$	761					$	—					$	761					$	937					$	—					$	937
Actual return on plan assets:
Relating to assets still held at December 31			77						—						77						(147)						—						(147)
Purchases and sales, net			(53)						—						(53)						(39)						—						(39)
Transfers into Level 3			—						—						—						10						—						10
Balance December 31			$	785					$	—					$	785					$	761					$	—					$	761

Summary of Expected Benefit Payments

Expected benefit payments are as follows:

			U.S. Pension Benefits						International Pension Benefits						Other Postretirement Benefits
2024			$	676					$	278					$	81
2025			689						265						82
2026			703						285						83
2027			723						300						83
2028			750						314						84
2029 — 2033			4,236						1,810						442

Components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following amounts were reflected as components of OCI:

			Pension Plans																																				Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
			U.S.																		International
Years Ended December 31			2023						2022						2021						2023						2022						2021						2023						2022						2021
Net (loss) gain arising during the period			$	(69)					$	(42)					$	813					$	(438)					$	116					$	772					$	110					$	—					$	156
Prior service cost arising during the period			—						—						—						(16)						(4)						(4)						—						—						—
			$	(69)					$	(42)					$	813					$	(454)					$	112					$	768					$	110					$	—					$	156
Net loss (gain) amortization included in benefit cost			$	—					$	128					$	298					$	(3)					$	96					$	142					$	(42)					$	(43)					$	(42)
Prior service (credit) cost amortization included in benefit cost			(1)						(32)						(38)						2						(14)						(16)						(49)						(57)						(63)
Settlements and curtailments			36						251						232						(6)						1						(18)						(1)						(1)						(29)
			$	35					$	347					$	492					$	(7)					$	83					$	108					$	(92)					$	(101)					$	(134)

Summary of Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Determining Pension Plan and U.S. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plan Information

The Company reassesses its benefit plan assumptions on a regular basis. The weighted average assumptions used in determining U.S. pension and other postretirement benefit plan and international pension plan information are as follows:

			U.S. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans																		International Pension Plans
December 31			2023						2022						2021						2023						2022						2021
Net periodic benefit cost
Discount rate			5.50		%				3.00		%				2.70		%				3.90		%				1.50		%				1.10		%
Expected rate of return on plan assets			7.00		%				6.70		%				6.70		%				5.00		%				3.70		%				3.80		%
Salary growth rate			4.60		%				4.60		%				4.60		%				3.20		%				2.90		%				2.80		%
Interest crediting rate			5.30		%				5.00		%				4.70		%				3.30		%				3.00		%				3.00		%
Benefit obligation
Discount rate			5.30		%				5.50		%				3.00		%				3.40		%				3.90		%				1.50		%
Salary growth rate			4.60		%				4.60		%				4.60		%				3.20		%				3.20		%				2.90		%
Interest crediting rate			5.30		%				5.30		%				5.00		%				3.40		%				3.30		%				3.00		%

Summary of Health Care Cost Trend Rate Assumptions for Other Postretirement Benefit Plans

The health care cost trend rate assumptions for other postretirement benefit plans are as follows:

December 31			2023						2022
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year			7.8		%				7.8		%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline			4.5		%				4.5		%
Year that the trend rate reaches the ultimate trend rate			2038						2038

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