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Summary of Accounting Policies (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Customer discounts $ 12,500 $ 12,300 $ 12,300
Accrual for chargebacks reflected as direct reduction to accounts receivable 188 178  
Accrual for rebates included in accrued and other current liabilities $ 2,300 2,700  
Product return period and expiration 12 months    
Depreciation $ 1,828 1,824 1,578
Advertising and promotion costs $ 2,300 $ 2,200 $ 2,000
Minimum      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Product return period 3 months    
Estimated useful life of intangible assets 2 years    
Minimum | Capitalized Software      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life of intangible assets 2 years    
Minimum | Buildings      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment 25 years    
Minimum | Machinery, equipment and office furnishings      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment 3 years    
Minimum | United States      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Payment terms, vaccine sales 30 days    
Minimum | United States | Pharmaceutical segment      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Payment terms 36 days    
Minimum | United States | Animal Health      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Payment terms 30 days    
Minimum | Outside of the United States      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Payment terms 30 days    
Maximum      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Product return period 6 months    
Estimated useful life of intangible assets 24 years    
Maximum | Capitalized Software      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life of intangible assets 10 years    
Maximum | Buildings      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment 45 years    
Maximum | Machinery, equipment and office furnishings      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Estimated useful life of property, plant and equipment 15 years    
Maximum | United States      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Payment terms 90 days    
Payment terms, vaccine sales 60 days    
Maximum | Outside of the United States      
Intangible Assets Excluding Goodwill [Line Items]      
Payment terms 90 days