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Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Mar. 31, 2023
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,045,470,249  
Equity, beginning balance $ 37,635 $ 46,058
Net (loss) income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 4,762 2,821
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (113) (115)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,960) (1,863)
Treasury stock shares purchased (122) (149)
Share-based compensation plans and other 217 149
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 5 4
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,044,402,655  
Equity, ending balance $ 40,424 $ 46,905
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.77 $ 0.73
  Common Stock    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 44,509 44,379
Share-based compensation plans and other 89 88
Equity, ending balance 44,598 44,467
Retained Earnings    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 53,895 61,081
Net (loss) income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 4,762 2,821
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,960) (1,863)
Equity, ending balance 56,697 62,039
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance (5,161) (4,768)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (113) (115)
Equity, ending balance $ (5,274) $ (4,883)
 Treasury Stock    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,045,000,000 1,039,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ (57,450) $ (56,489)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) 1,000,000 1,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased $ (122) $ (149)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) (2,000,000) 0
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 127 $ 61
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,044,000,000 1,040,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (57,445) $ (56,577)
Non- controlling Interests    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 54 67
Share-based compensation plans and other 1  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 5 4
Equity, ending balance $ 60 $ 71