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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Mar. 31, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]    
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., basic $ 4,762 $ 2,821
Net Income Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., diluted $ 4,762 $ 2,821
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,533 2,538
Common shares issuable (in shares) 11 13
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,544 2,551
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 1.88 $ 1.11
Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 1.87 $ 1.11