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Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)     1,045,470,249  
Equity, beginning balance $ 40,424 $ 46,905 $ 37,635 $ 46,058
Net (loss) income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 5,455 (5,975) 10,217 (3,154)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (87) (17) (200) (132)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,965) (1,866) (3,925) (3,729)
Treasury stock shares purchased (251) (338) (373) (487)
Share-based compensation plans and other 66 55 283 204
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 6 3 $ 11 7
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   (25)   (25)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,041,454,052   1,041,454,052  
Equity, ending balance $ 43,648 $ 38,742 $ 43,648 $ 38,742
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.77 $ 0.73 $ 1.54 $ 1.46
  Common Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 44,598 44,467 44,509 44,379
Share-based compensation plans and other (236) (248) (147) (160)
Equity, ending balance 44,362 44,219 44,362 44,219
Retained Earnings        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 56,697 62,039 53,895 61,081
Net (loss) income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 5,455 (5,975) 10,217 (3,154)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,965) (1,866) (3,925) (3,729)
Equity, ending balance 60,187 54,198 60,187 54,198
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance (5,274) (4,883) (5,161) (4,768)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (87) (17) (200) (132)
Equity, ending balance $ (5,361) $ (4,900) $ (5,361) $ (4,900)
 Treasury Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,044,000,000 1,040,000,000 1,045,000,000 1,039,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ (57,445) $ (56,577) $ (57,450) $ (56,489)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) 2,000,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased $ (251) $ (338) $ (373) $ (487)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) (5,000,000) (5,000,000) (7,000,000) (5,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 302 $ 303 $ 429 $ 364
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,041,000,000 1,038,000,000 1,041,000,000 1,038,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (57,394) $ (56,612) $ (57,394) $ (56,612)
Non- controlling Interests        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 60 71 54 67
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 6 3 11 7
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests   (25)   (25)
Equity, ending balance $ 66 $ 49 $ 66 $ 49