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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]        
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., basic $ 5,455 $ (5,975) $ 10,217 $ (3,154)
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., diluted $ 5,455 $ (5,975) $ 10,217 $ (3,154)
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,534 2,539 2,534 2,539
Common shares issuable (in shares) 10 0 10 0
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,544 2,539 2,544 2,539
Basic Earnings (Loss) per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 2.15 $ (2.35) $ 4.03 $ (1.24)
Earnings (Loss) per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 2.14 $ (2.35) $ 4.02 $ (1.24)