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Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)     1,045,470,249  
Equity, beginning balance $ 43,648 $ 38,742 $ 37,635 $ 46,058
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 3,157 4,745 13,374 1,591
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (10) (16) (210) (148)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,960) (1,861) (5,885) (5,590)
Treasury stock shares purchased (444) (466) (817) (953)
Share-based compensation plans and other 177 151 460 355
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 4 5 15 12
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests $ (12)   $ (12) (25)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,045,073,377   1,045,073,377  
Equity, ending balance $ 44,560 $ 41,300 $ 44,560 $ 41,300
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.77 $ 0.73 $ 2.31 $ 2.19
  Common Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 44,362 44,219 44,509 44,379
Share-based compensation plans and other 168 139 21 (21)
Equity, ending balance 44,530 44,358 44,530 44,358
Retained Earnings        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 60,187 54,198 53,895 61,081
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 3,157 4,745 13,374 1,591
Cash dividends declared on common stock (1,960) (1,861) (5,885) (5,590)
Equity, ending balance 61,384 57,082 61,384 57,082
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance (5,361) (4,900) (5,161) (4,768)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (10) (16) (210) (148)
Equity, ending balance $ (5,371) $ (4,916) $ (5,371) $ (4,916)
 Treasury Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,041,000,000 1,038,000,000 1,045,000,000 1,039,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ (57,394) $ (56,612) $ (57,450) $ (56,489)
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) 4,000,000 4,000,000 7,000,000 9,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased $ (444) $ (466) $ (817) $ (953)
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) 0   (7,000,000) (6,000,000)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 9 $ 12 $ 438 $ 376
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,045,000,000 1,042,000,000 1,045,000,000 1,042,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ (57,829) $ (57,066) $ (57,829) $ (57,066)
Non- controlling Interests        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 66 49 54 67
Share-based compensation plans and other     1  
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 4 5 15 12
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests (12)   (12) (25)
Equity, ending balance $ 58 $ 54 $ 58 $ 54