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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2023
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]        
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., basic $ 3,157 $ 4,745 $ 13,374 $ 1,591
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., diluted $ 3,157 $ 4,745 $ 13,374 $ 1,591
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,534 2,537 2,534 2,538
Common shares issuable (in shares) 7 9 9 11
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,541 2,546 2,543 2,549
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 1.25 $ 1.87 $ 5.28 $ 0.63
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 1.24 $ 1.86 $ 5.26 $ 0.62