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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021 | Jun. 30, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table |  |  | Pay Versus Performance Table The following table* summarizes the SCT compensation and CAP for our CEO(s) and the average for our non-CEO NEOs for the last four fiscal years ending December 31, 2023. In accordance with the PVP rules, the table also includes certain prescribed performance related measures.
|  | Summary Compensation Table Total for CEO (Davis) |  |  | Summary Compensation Table Total for CEO (Frazier) |  |  | Compensation Actually Paid to CEO (Davis) (5) |  |  | Compensation Actually Paid to CEO (Frazier) (5) |  |  | Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-CEO NEOs |  |  | Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-CEO NEOs (5) |  |  | Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based on |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fiscal Year |  | Total Shareholder Return (6) |  |  | Peer Group Total Shareholder Return (7) |  |  | GAAP Net Income ($ 000’s) |  |  | Non-GAAP EPS (8) |
2023 (1) |  |  | $20,273,287 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | $26,701,326 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | $7,629,512 |  |  |  | $9,360,664 |  |  |  | $142.53 |  |  |  | $142.00 |  |  |  | $364,655 |  |  |  | $1.51 |
2022 (2) |  |  | 18,650,093 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 52,474,235 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,406,647 |  |  |  | 22,341,814 |  |  |  | 141.12 |  |  |  | 138.11 |  |  |  | 14,519,000 |  |  |  | 7.48 |
2021 (3) |  |  | 13,722,121 |  |  |  | 15,196,920 |  |  |  | 14,390,893 |  |  |  | 13,328,924 |  |  |  | 6,709,905 |  |  |  | 7,004,950 |  |  |  | 94.47 |  |  |  | 130.44 |  |  |  | 12,345,000 |  |  |  | 5.37 |
2020 (4) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,088,429 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,578,487 |  |  |  | 6,041,722 |  |  |  | 3,582,756 |  |  |  | 92.79 |  |  |  | 106.53 |  |  |  | 4,519,000 |  |  |  | 2.97 |
(1) | Non-CEO NEOs for 2023 are Ms. Litchfield, Mr. Chattopadhyay, Mr. DeLuca, and Dr. Li.
(2) | Non-CEO NEOs for 2022 are Mr. Frazier, Ms. Litchfield, Mr. Guindo, Dr. Li, and Ms. Zachary. Since Mr. Davis was CEO for all of 2022, only his compensation is shown in the CEO SCT and CAP columns.
(3) | Non-CEO NEOs for 2021 are Ms. Litchfield, Mr. Clyburn, Mr. DeLuca, and Dr. Li. As a result of Mr. Frazier’s retirement as CEO, effective June 30, 2021, and Mr. Davis’s promotion to CEO, effective July 1, 2021, the Pay versus Performance table includes the compensation for both executives as CEO in 2021. The SCT and CAP amounts reported for Mr. Davis and Mr. Frazier reflect compensation for all of 2021, not just the respective periods in which they were CEO.
(4) | Non-CEO NEOs for 2020 are Mr. Davis, Mr. Chattopadhyay, Dr. Perlmutter, and Ms. Zachary. Since Mr. Frazier was CEO for all of 2020, only his compensation is shown in the CEO SCT and CAP columns.
(5) | See following table for additional details on the calculation of the CAP value.
(6) | TSR assumes an initial $100 investment in Merck stock beginning on December 31, 2019. TSR is cumulative, with the value determined at the end of each applicable fiscal year, calculated in accordance with Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K.
(7) | Peer Group TSR assumes an initial $100 investment in Merck’s primary peer group (market cap-weighted). As described on page 49, Merck’s primary peer group consists of the following companies: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche Holding AG, and Sanofi.
(8) | The SEC requires the disclosure of a company selected measure, representing the most important financial metric used for determining CAP for the current fiscal year. As described in more detail on page 71, the selected measure for 2023 is non-GAAP EPS. Refer to Appendix A on page 104 for a reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. Appendix B on page 106 provides an explanation of adjustments to non-GAAP results for incentive plans purposes.
* Compensation shown is rounded to the nearest dollar. The following table* provides additional information on how CAP for each reporting year was determined, starting with SCT compensation and applying each of the required adjustments, as applicable, in accordance with the PVP rules.
|  | Summary Compensation Table Total Compensation |  |  | Value of Pension Benefits Deducted from SCT (1) |  |  | Value of Equity Deducted from SCT |  |  | Value of Pension Benefits Per CAP Definition (2) |  |  | Fair Value of Equity Compensation Granted in Current Year (3) |  |  | Year-Over-Year Change in Fair Value of Unvested Equity (4) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Equity that Vested During the Year (5) |  |  | Value of Dividends Accrued or Paid on Stock Awards (6) |  |  | Compensation Actually Paid |
CEO (Davis) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  | $20,273,287 |  |  |  | $651,163 |  |  |  | $14,047,586 |  |  |  | $271,130 |  |  |  | $18,028,095 |  |  |  | $(97,780) |  |  |  | $1,522,952 |  |  |  | $1,402,391 |  |  |  | $26,701,326 |
2022 |  |  | 18,650,093 |  |  |  | 180,259 |  |  |  | 12,393,581 |  |  |  | 280,085 |  |  |  | 26,824,642 |  |  |  | 14,171,478 |  |  |  | 3,931,065 |  |  |  | 1,190,712 |  |  |  | 52,474,235 |
2021 |  |  | 13,722,121 |  |  |  | 235,640 |  |  |  | 9,084,579 |  |  |  | 265,823 |  |  |  | 10,649,030 |  |  |  | (669,339 | ) |  |  | (661,118 | ) |  |  | 404,596 |  |  |  | 14,390,893 |
CEO (Frazier) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  |  | 15,196,920 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,615,096 |  |  |  | 418,183 |  |  |  | 12,443,073 |  |  |  | (2,633,787 | ) |  |  | (2,435,189 | ) |  |  | 954,819 |  |  |  | 13,328,924 |
2020 |  |  | 22,088,429 |  |  |  | 2,288,641 |  |  |  | 15,502,597 |  |  |  | 379,037 |  |  |  | 17,150,711 |  |  |  | (5,340,113 | ) |  |  | (7,290,425 | ) |  |  | 1,382,086 |  |  |  | 10,578,487 |
Average Non-CEO NEOs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  | 7,629,512 |  |  |  | 479,834 |  |  |  | 4,253,332 |  |  |  | 152,186 |  |  |  | 5,458,528 |  |  |  | (43,471 | ) |  |  | 475,952 |  |  |  | 421,122 |  |  |  | 9,360,664 |
2022 |  |  | 8,406,647 |  |  |  | 42,041 |  |  |  | 5,514,804 |  |  |  | 122,447 |  |  |  | 9,133,936 |  |  |  | 6,336,440 |  |  |  | 3,346,846 |  |  |  | 552,343 |  |  |  | 22,341,814 |
2021 |  |  | 6,709,905 |  |  |  | 107,732 |  |  |  | 4,261,734 |  |  |  | 122,147 |  |  |  | 4,829,729 |  |  |  | (247,588 | ) |  |  | (208,749 | ) |  |  | 168,972 |  |  |  | 7,004,950 |
2020 |  |  | 6,041,722 |  |  |  | 498,315 |  |  |  | 3,518,845 |  |  |  | 157,683 |  |  |  | 3,892,938 |  |  |  | (1,222,908 | ) |  |  | (1,583,911 | ) |  |  | 314,391 |  |  |  | 3,582,756 |
(1) | Represents the aggregate change in actuarial present value of the NEOs’ accrued benefits under the Company’s pension plans. The change in pension value for Mr. Frazier is negative in 2021, primarily due to age and an increase in discount rates. In accordance with SEC rules, a $0 value is reported rather than a negative amount.
(2) | These amounts represent the present value of expected pension benefit accruals earned in the current year and reflects assumptions used for financial statement reporting purposes. They do not reflect the change in the present value of the accumulated pension benefit due to changes in assumptions such as discount rate from year to year.
(3) | These amounts represent the fair value as of the indicated fiscal year-end of the outstanding and unvested stock and option awards granted during such fiscal year, calculated in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes. The fair value differs from the value in the SCT because for purposes of CAP the fair value for equity granted in the current year is determined as of the last day of the applicable year. Fair values in the SCT are determined as of the grant date.
(4) | These amounts represent the change in fair value during the indicated fiscal year of each stock and option award that was granted in a prior fiscal year and that remained outstanding and unvested as of the last day of the indicated fiscal year, calculated in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes and, for awards subject to performance-based vesting conditions, based on an estimate of the probable outcome of such performance-based vesting conditions as of the last day of the fiscal year.
(5) | These amounts represent the change in fair value, measured from the prior fiscal year-end to the vesting date, of each stock and option award that was granted in a prior fiscal year and which vested during the indicated fiscal year, calculated in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes.
(6) | These amounts represent the dollar value of any dividends or other earnings accrued or paid on stock or option awards in the applicable fiscal year or for awards that vested in the fiscal year, prior to the vesting date, that are not otherwise reflected in the fair value of such awards or included in any other component of total compensation for the applicable fiscal year.
* Compensation shown is rounded to the nearest dollar. |  |  |
Company Selected Measure Name |  |  | Non-GAAP EPS |  |  |
Named Executive Officers, Footnote |  |  |
(1) | Non-CEO NEOs for 2023 are Ms. Litchfield, Mr. Chattopadhyay, Mr. DeLuca, and Dr. Li.
(2) | Non-CEO NEOs for 2022 are Mr. Frazier, Ms. Litchfield, Mr. Guindo, Dr. Li, and Ms. Zachary. Since Mr. Davis was CEO for all of 2022, only his compensation is shown in the CEO SCT and CAP columns.
(3) | Non-CEO NEOs for 2021 are Ms. Litchfield, Mr. Clyburn, Mr. DeLuca, and Dr. Li. As a result of Mr. Frazier’s retirement as CEO, effective June 30, 2021, and Mr. Davis’s promotion to CEO, effective July 1, 2021, the Pay versus Performance table includes the compensation for both executives as CEO in 2021. The SCT and CAP amounts reported for Mr. Davis and Mr. Frazier reflect compensation for all of 2021, not just the respective periods in which they were CEO.
(4) | Non-CEO NEOs for 2020 are Mr. Davis, Mr. Chattopadhyay, Dr. Perlmutter, and Ms. Zachary. Since Mr. Frazier was CEO for all of 2020, only his compensation is shown in the CEO SCT and CAP columns.
Peer Group Issuers, Footnote |  |  | Peer Group TSR assumes an initial $100 investment in Merck’s primary peer group (market cap-weighted). As described on page 49, Merck’s primary peer group consists of the following companies: AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche Holding AG, and Sanofi. |  |  |
Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote |  |  | The following table* provides additional information on how CAP for each reporting year was determined, starting with SCT compensation and applying each of the required adjustments, as applicable, in accordance with the PVP rules.
|  | Summary Compensation Table Total Compensation |  |  | Value of Pension Benefits Deducted from SCT (1) |  |  | Value of Equity Deducted from SCT |  |  | Value of Pension Benefits Per CAP Definition (2) |  |  | Fair Value of Equity Compensation Granted in Current Year (3) |  |  | Year-Over-Year Change in Fair Value of Unvested Equity (4) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Equity that Vested During the Year (5) |  |  | Value of Dividends Accrued or Paid on Stock Awards (6) |  |  | Compensation Actually Paid |
CEO (Davis) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  | $20,273,287 |  |  |  | $651,163 |  |  |  | $14,047,586 |  |  |  | $271,130 |  |  |  | $18,028,095 |  |  |  | $(97,780) |  |  |  | $1,522,952 |  |  |  | $1,402,391 |  |  |  | $26,701,326 |
2022 |  |  | 18,650,093 |  |  |  | 180,259 |  |  |  | 12,393,581 |  |  |  | 280,085 |  |  |  | 26,824,642 |  |  |  | 14,171,478 |  |  |  | 3,931,065 |  |  |  | 1,190,712 |  |  |  | 52,474,235 |
2021 |  |  | 13,722,121 |  |  |  | 235,640 |  |  |  | 9,084,579 |  |  |  | 265,823 |  |  |  | 10,649,030 |  |  |  | (669,339 | ) |  |  | (661,118 | ) |  |  | 404,596 |  |  |  | 14,390,893 |
CEO (Frazier) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  |  | 15,196,920 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,615,096 |  |  |  | 418,183 |  |  |  | 12,443,073 |  |  |  | (2,633,787 | ) |  |  | (2,435,189 | ) |  |  | 954,819 |  |  |  | 13,328,924 |
2020 |  |  | 22,088,429 |  |  |  | 2,288,641 |  |  |  | 15,502,597 |  |  |  | 379,037 |  |  |  | 17,150,711 |  |  |  | (5,340,113 | ) |  |  | (7,290,425 | ) |  |  | 1,382,086 |  |  |  | 10,578,487 |
Average Non-CEO NEOs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  | 7,629,512 |  |  |  | 479,834 |  |  |  | 4,253,332 |  |  |  | 152,186 |  |  |  | 5,458,528 |  |  |  | (43,471 | ) |  |  | 475,952 |  |  |  | 421,122 |  |  |  | 9,360,664 |
2022 |  |  | 8,406,647 |  |  |  | 42,041 |  |  |  | 5,514,804 |  |  |  | 122,447 |  |  |  | 9,133,936 |  |  |  | 6,336,440 |  |  |  | 3,346,846 |  |  |  | 552,343 |  |  |  | 22,341,814 |
2021 |  |  | 6,709,905 |  |  |  | 107,732 |  |  |  | 4,261,734 |  |  |  | 122,147 |  |  |  | 4,829,729 |  |  |  | (247,588 | ) |  |  | (208,749 | ) |  |  | 168,972 |  |  |  | 7,004,950 |
2020 |  |  | 6,041,722 |  |  |  | 498,315 |  |  |  | 3,518,845 |  |  |  | 157,683 |  |  |  | 3,892,938 |  |  |  | (1,222,908 | ) |  |  | (1,583,911 | ) |  |  | 314,391 |  |  |  | 3,582,756 |
(1) | Represents the aggregate change in actuarial present value of the NEOs’ accrued benefits under the Company’s pension plans. The change in pension value for Mr. Frazier is negative in 2021, primarily due to age and an increase in discount rates. In accordance with SEC rules, a $0 value is reported rather than a negative amount.
(2) | These amounts represent the present value of expected pension benefit accruals earned in the current year and reflects assumptions used for financial statement reporting purposes. They do not reflect the change in the present value of the accumulated pension benefit due to changes in assumptions such as discount rate from year to year.
(3) | These amounts represent the fair value as of the indicated fiscal year-end of the outstanding and unvested stock and option awards granted during such fiscal year, calculated in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes. The fair value differs from the value in the SCT because for purposes of CAP the fair value for equity granted in the current year is determined as of the last day of the applicable year. Fair values in the SCT are determined as of the grant date.
(4) | These amounts represent the change in fair value during the indicated fiscal year of each stock and option award that was granted in a prior fiscal year and that remained outstanding and unvested as of the last day of the indicated fiscal year, calculated in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes and, for awards subject to performance-based vesting conditions, based on an estimate of the probable outcome of such performance-based vesting conditions as of the last day of the fiscal year.
(5) | These amounts represent the change in fair value, measured from the prior fiscal year-end to the vesting date, of each stock and option award that was granted in a prior fiscal year and which vested during the indicated fiscal year, calculated in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes.
(6) | These amounts represent the dollar value of any dividends or other earnings accrued or paid on stock or option awards in the applicable fiscal year or for awards that vested in the fiscal year, prior to the vesting date, that are not otherwise reflected in the fair value of such awards or included in any other component of total compensation for the applicable fiscal year.
* Compensation shown is rounded to the nearest dollar. |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount |  |  | $ 7,629,512 | $ 8,406,647 | $ 6,709,905 | $ 6,041,722
Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount |  |  | $ 9,360,664 | 22,341,814 | 7,004,950 | 3,582,756
Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote |  |  | The following table* provides additional information on how CAP for each reporting year was determined, starting with SCT compensation and applying each of the required adjustments, as applicable, in accordance with the PVP rules.
|  | Summary Compensation Table Total Compensation |  |  | Value of Pension Benefits Deducted from SCT (1) |  |  | Value of Equity Deducted from SCT |  |  | Value of Pension Benefits Per CAP Definition (2) |  |  | Fair Value of Equity Compensation Granted in Current Year (3) |  |  | Year-Over-Year Change in Fair Value of Unvested Equity (4) |  |  | Change in Fair Value of Equity that Vested During the Year (5) |  |  | Value of Dividends Accrued or Paid on Stock Awards (6) |  |  | Compensation Actually Paid |
CEO (Davis) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  | $20,273,287 |  |  |  | $651,163 |  |  |  | $14,047,586 |  |  |  | $271,130 |  |  |  | $18,028,095 |  |  |  | $(97,780) |  |  |  | $1,522,952 |  |  |  | $1,402,391 |  |  |  | $26,701,326 |
2022 |  |  | 18,650,093 |  |  |  | 180,259 |  |  |  | 12,393,581 |  |  |  | 280,085 |  |  |  | 26,824,642 |  |  |  | 14,171,478 |  |  |  | 3,931,065 |  |  |  | 1,190,712 |  |  |  | 52,474,235 |
2021 |  |  | 13,722,121 |  |  |  | 235,640 |  |  |  | 9,084,579 |  |  |  | 265,823 |  |  |  | 10,649,030 |  |  |  | (669,339 | ) |  |  | (661,118 | ) |  |  | 404,596 |  |  |  | 14,390,893 |
CEO (Frazier) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  |  | 15,196,920 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,615,096 |  |  |  | 418,183 |  |  |  | 12,443,073 |  |  |  | (2,633,787 | ) |  |  | (2,435,189 | ) |  |  | 954,819 |  |  |  | 13,328,924 |
2020 |  |  | 22,088,429 |  |  |  | 2,288,641 |  |  |  | 15,502,597 |  |  |  | 379,037 |  |  |  | 17,150,711 |  |  |  | (5,340,113 | ) |  |  | (7,290,425 | ) |  |  | 1,382,086 |  |  |  | 10,578,487 |
Average Non-CEO NEOs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 |  |  | 7,629,512 |  |  |  | 479,834 |  |  |  | 4,253,332 |  |  |  | 152,186 |  |  |  | 5,458,528 |  |  |  | (43,471 | ) |  |  | 475,952 |  |  |  | 421,122 |  |  |  | 9,360,664 |
2022 |  |  | 8,406,647 |  |  |  | 42,041 |  |  |  | 5,514,804 |  |  |  | 122,447 |  |  |  | 9,133,936 |  |  |  | 6,336,440 |  |  |  | 3,346,846 |  |  |  | 552,343 |  |  |  | 22,341,814 |
2021 |  |  | 6,709,905 |  |  |  | 107,732 |  |  |  | 4,261,734 |  |  |  | 122,147 |  |  |  | 4,829,729 |  |  |  | (247,588 | ) |  |  | (208,749 | ) |  |  | 168,972 |  |  |  | 7,004,950 |
2020 |  |  | 6,041,722 |  |  |  | 498,315 |  |  |  | 3,518,845 |  |  |  | 157,683 |  |  |  | 3,892,938 |  |  |  | (1,222,908 | ) |  |  | (1,583,911 | ) |  |  | 314,391 |  |  |  | 3,582,756 |
(1) | Represents the aggregate change in actuarial present value of the NEOs’ accrued benefits under the Company’s pension plans. The change in pension value for Mr. Frazier is negative in 2021, primarily due to age and an increase in discount rates. In accordance with SEC rules, a $0 value is reported rather than a negative amount.
(2) | These amounts represent the present value of expected pension benefit accruals earned in the current year and reflects assumptions used for financial statement reporting purposes. They do not reflect the change in the present value of the accumulated pension benefit due to changes in assumptions such as discount rate from year to year.
(3) | These amounts represent the fair value as of the indicated fiscal year-end of the outstanding and unvested stock and option awards granted during such fiscal year, calculated in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes. The fair value differs from the value in the SCT because for purposes of CAP the fair value for equity granted in the current year is determined as of the last day of the applicable year. Fair values in the SCT are determined as of the grant date.
(4) | These amounts represent the change in fair value during the indicated fiscal year of each stock and option award that was granted in a prior fiscal year and that remained outstanding and unvested as of the last day of the indicated fiscal year, calculated in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes and, for awards subject to performance-based vesting conditions, based on an estimate of the probable outcome of such performance-based vesting conditions as of the last day of the fiscal year.
(5) | These amounts represent the change in fair value, measured from the prior fiscal year-end to the vesting date, of each stock and option award that was granted in a prior fiscal year and which vested during the indicated fiscal year, calculated in accordance with the methodology used for financial reporting purposes.
(6) | These amounts represent the dollar value of any dividends or other earnings accrued or paid on stock or option awards in the applicable fiscal year or for awards that vested in the fiscal year, prior to the vesting date, that are not otherwise reflected in the fair value of such awards or included in any other component of total compensation for the applicable fiscal year.
* Compensation shown is rounded to the nearest dollar. |  |  |
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return |  |  | Relationship Between CAP and TSR The chart below illustrates the relationship between the CEO CAP and average non-CEO NEO CAP, calculated in accordance with the PVP rules, and Merck’s TSR and Peer Group TSR. As noted above, the peer group for each listed fiscal year consists of the companies listed as our current primary peer group. For 2021, the CAP for Mr. Davis and Mr. Frazier are shown separately as CEO CAP since both executives served as CEO for a portion of the year. In 2022, Mr. Davis served as CEO for the entire year, and Mr. Frazier served as Executive Chairman until his retirement on November 30, 2022. As such, Mr. Frazier’s 2022 CAP is included in the average non-CEO NEO CAP. To better reflect the CAP for the average non-CEO NEO, for 2022, we have illustrated both the average non-CEO NEO CAP with and without Mr. Frazier. |  |  |
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income |  |  | Relationship Between CAP and Net Income The chart below illustrates the relationship between the CEO CAP and average non-CEO NEO CAP, calculated in accordance with the PVP rules, and Merck’s GAAP net income. For 2021, the CAP for Mr. Davis and Mr. Frazier are shown separately as CEO CAP since both executives served as CEO for a portion of the year. In 2022, Mr. Davis served as CEO for the entire year, and Mr. Frazier served as Executive Chairman until his retirement on November 30, 2022. As such, Mr. Frazier’s 2022 CAP is included in the average non-CEO NEO CAP. To better reflect the CAP for the average non-CEO NEO, for 2022, we have illustrated both the average non-CEO NEO CAP with and without Mr. Frazier. For 2023, GAAP net income reflects the impact of $17.1 billion in business development activity, including the acquisitions of Prometheus and Imago, and the collaborations with Daiichi and Kelun. |  |  |
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure |  |  | Relationship Between CAP and the Company-Selected Measure The SEC requires the disclosure of a company-selected measure, defined as the most important financial metric used for determining CAP for the current fiscal year. For 2023, we consider non-GAAP EPS to be the most important financial measure used to link pay with performance because EPS represents 50% of our PSU program design, PSUs represent 70% of annual LTI grants, and LTI represents the majority of our executives’ target TDC. Specifically, for 2023, non-GAAP EPS influences nearly 27% of our CEO’s target TDC and 23% of the average target TDC for our non-CEO NEOs. It is worth noting that the SEC requires the disclosure of single year metrics for purposes of comparing CAP to a company-selected measure. While our PSU program design employs three-year non-GAAP EPS, in the graph below, CAP is being compared to one year non-GAAP EPS. The chart below illustrates the relationship between the CEO CAP and average non-CEO NEO CAP, calculated in accordance with the PVP rules, and Merck’s non-GAAP EPS for the applicable reporting year. For 2021, the CAP for Mr. Davis and Mr. Frazier are shown separately as CEO CAP since both executives served as CEO for a portion of the year. In 2022, Mr. Davis served as CEO for the entire year, and Mr. Frazier served as Executive Chairman until his retirement on November 30, 2022. As such, Mr. Frazier’s 2022 CAP is included in the average non-CEO NEO CAP. To better reflect the CAP for the average non-CEO NEO, for 2022, we have illustrated both the average non-CEO NEO CAP with and without Mr. Frazier. For 2023, non-GAAP EPS was negatively affected by $6.21 of charges for certain upfront and pre-approval milestone payments related to collaborations and licensing agreements, as well as charges related to pre-approval assets obtained in transactions accounted for as asset acquisitions. |  |  |
Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group |  |  | Relationship Between CAP and TSR The chart below illustrates the relationship between the CEO CAP and average non-CEO NEO CAP, calculated in accordance with the PVP rules, and Merck’s TSR and Peer Group TSR. As noted above, the peer group for each listed fiscal year consists of the companies listed as our current primary peer group. For 2021, the CAP for Mr. Davis and Mr. Frazier are shown separately as CEO CAP since both executives served as CEO for a portion of the year. In 2022, Mr. Davis served as CEO for the entire year, and Mr. Frazier served as Executive Chairman until his retirement on November 30, 2022. As such, Mr. Frazier’s 2022 CAP is included in the average non-CEO NEO CAP. To better reflect the CAP for the average non-CEO NEO, for 2022, we have illustrated both the average non-CEO NEO CAP with and without Mr. Frazier. |  |  |
Tabular List, Table |  |  | Most Important Metrics Used to Link Pay and Performance In accordance with the PVP rules, the most important performance metrics used to link our NEOs’ pay to performance in 2023 are listed below. These metrics align with the measures used in our Company Scorecard, as described on page 55, and our PSU Program, as described on page 57. These metrics help translate our strategic priorities into operational terms that enable us to measure and track our progress against annual operating goals and long-term strategic drivers of sustainable value creation, aligning the pay of our executives to company performance. Although stock price performance, as reflected by our Total Shareholder Return (“TSR”), is not a metric used in our current programs to set or evaluate the level of pay for our executives and, therefore, is not included in the list below, it directly impacts the value of long-term incentives granted to our NEOs.
Company Scorecard Metrics |  | PSU Program Metrics
Revenue |  | Relative Total Shareholder Return
Pre-Tax Income |  | Non-GAAP Earnings Per Share (EPS)
Pipeline |  |
Sustainability |  |
Total Shareholder Return Amount |  |  | $ 142.53 | 141.12 | 94.47 | 92.79
Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount |  |  | 142 | 138.11 | 130.44 | 106.53
Net Income (Loss) |  |  | $ 364,655,000 | $ 14,519,000,000 | $ 12,345,000,000 | $ 4,519,000,000
Company Selected Measure Amount |  |  | 1.51 | 7.48 | 5.37 | 2.97
Measure:: 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Revenue |  |  |
Measure:: 2 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Pre-Tax Income |  |  |
Measure:: 3 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Pipeline |  |  |
Measure:: 4 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Sustainability |  |  |
Measure:: 5 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Relative Total Shareholder Return |  |  |
Measure:: 6 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Non-GAAP Earnings Per Share (EPS) |  |  |
Non-GAAP Measure Description |  |  | The SEC requires the disclosure of a company selected measure, representing the most important financial metric used for determining CAP for the current fiscal year. As described in more detail on page 71, the selected measure for 2023 is non-GAAP EPS. Refer to Appendix A on page 104 for a reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. Appendix B on page 106 provides an explanation of adjustments to non-GAAP results for incentive plans purposes. |  |  |
Mr. Davis [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
PEO Total Compensation Amount |  |  | $ 20,273,287 | $ 18,650,093 | $ 13,722,121 |
PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount |  |  | $ 26,701,326 | $ 52,474,235 | 14,390,893 |
PEO Name | Mr. Davis |  | Mr. Davis | Mr. Davis |  |
Mr. Frazier [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
PEO Total Compensation Amount |  |  |  |  | 15,196,920 | $ 22,088,429
PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount |  |  |  |  | 13,328,924 | $ 10,578,487
PEO Name |  | Mr. Frazier |  |  |  | Mr. Frazier
PEO | Mr. Davis [Member] | Value of Pension Benefits Deducted From SCT [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | $ 651,163 | $ 180,259 | 235,640 |
PEO | Mr. Davis [Member] | Value of Equity Deducted From SCT [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 14,047,586 | 12,393,581 | 9,084,579 |
PEO | Mr. Davis [Member] | Value of Pension Benefits Per CAP Definition [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 271,130 | 280,085 | 265,823 |
PEO | Mr. Davis [Member] | Fair Value of Equity Compensation Granted In Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 18,028,095 | 26,824,642 | 10,649,030 |
PEO | Mr. Davis [Member] | YearOverYear Change In Fair Value of Unvested Equity [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (97,780) | 14,171,478 | (669,339) |
PEO | Mr. Davis [Member] | Change In Fair Value of Equity that Vested During The Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 1,522,952 | 3,931,065 | (661,118) |
PEO | Mr. Davis [Member] | Value Of Dividends Accrued or Paid on Stock Awards [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 1,402,391 | 1,190,712 | 404,596 |
PEO | Mr. Frazier [Member] | Value of Pension Benefits Deducted From SCT [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  | 0 | $ 2,288,641
PEO | Mr. Frazier [Member] | Value of Equity Deducted From SCT [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  | 10,615,096 | 15,502,597
PEO | Mr. Frazier [Member] | Value of Pension Benefits Per CAP Definition [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  | 418,183 | 379,037
PEO | Mr. Frazier [Member] | Fair Value of Equity Compensation Granted In Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  | 12,443,073 | 17,150,711
PEO | Mr. Frazier [Member] | YearOverYear Change In Fair Value of Unvested Equity [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  | (2,633,787) | (5,340,113)
PEO | Mr. Frazier [Member] | Change In Fair Value of Equity that Vested During The Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  | (2,435,189) | (7,290,425)
PEO | Mr. Frazier [Member] | Value Of Dividends Accrued or Paid on Stock Awards [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  | 954,819 | 1,382,086
Non-PEO NEO | Value of Pension Benefits Deducted From SCT [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 479,834 | 42,041 | 107,732 | 498,315
Non-PEO NEO | Value of Equity Deducted From SCT [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 4,253,332 | 5,514,804 | 4,261,734 | 3,518,845
Non-PEO NEO | Value of Pension Benefits Per CAP Definition [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 152,186 | 122,447 | 122,147 | 157,683
Non-PEO NEO | Fair Value of Equity Compensation Granted In Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 5,458,528 | 9,133,936 | 4,829,729 | 3,892,938
Non-PEO NEO | YearOverYear Change In Fair Value of Unvested Equity [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (43,471) | 6,336,440 | (247,588) | (1,222,908)
Non-PEO NEO | Change In Fair Value of Equity that Vested During The Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 475,952 | 3,346,846 | (208,749) | (1,583,911)
Non-PEO NEO | Value Of Dividends Accrued or Paid on Stock Awards [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | $ 421,122 | $ 552,343 | $ 168,972 | $ 314,391

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