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Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522  
Equity, beginning balance $ 46,372 $ 37,635
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,049,466,187  
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. $ 5,079 4,762
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (20) (113)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (2,051) (1,960)
Treasury stock shares purchased (1,164) (122)
Share-based compensation plans and other 178 217
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 6 5
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522  
Equity, ending balance $ 48,400 $ 40,424
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,061,021,894  
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.81 $ 0.77
  Common Stock    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 44,704 44,509
Share-based compensation plans and other 112 89
Equity, ending balance 44,816 44,598
Retained Earnings    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance 63,069 53,895
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 5,079 4,762
Cash dividends declared on common stock (2,051) (1,960)
Equity, ending balance 66,097 56,697
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance (4,945) (5,161)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (20) (113)
Equity, ending balance (4,965) (5,274)
 Treasury Stock    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance $ (58,303) $ (57,450)
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,049,000,000 1,045,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) 13,000,000 1,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased $ (1,164) $ (122)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 66 $ 127
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) (1,000,000) (2,000,000)
Equity, ending balance $ (59,401) $ (57,445)
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,061,000,000 1,044,000,000
Non- controlling Interests    
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]    
Equity, beginning balance $ 59 $ 54
Share-based compensation plans and other   1
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 6 5
Equity, ending balance $ 65 $ 60