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Earnings Per Share - Calculations of Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Mar. 31, 2024
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]    
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., basic $ 5,079 $ 4,762
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc., diluted $ 5,079 $ 4,762
Average common shares outstanding (in shares) 2,523 2,533
Common shares issuable (in shares) 8 11
Average common shares outstanding assuming dilution (in shares) 2,531 2,544
Basic Earnings per Common Share Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 2.01 $ 1.88
Earnings per Common Share Assuming Dilution Attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. Common Shareholders (in dollars per share) $ 2.01 $ 1.87