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Equity (Tables) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Equity [Abstract] |
Schedule of Equity |
| Three Months Ended June 30,
| Common Stock | Other Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Treasury Stock | Non- controlling Interests | Total
($ and shares in millions except per share amounts) | Shares | Par Value | Shares | Cost
Balance at April 1, 2024 | 3,577 |  | $ | 1,788 |  | $ | 44,598 |  | $ | 56,697 |  | $ | (5,274) |  | 1,044 |  | $ | (57,445) |  | $ | 60 |  | $ | 40,424 |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | — |  | — |  | — |  | 5,455 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 5,455 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (87) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (87) |
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.77 per share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,965) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,965) |
Treasury stock shares purchased | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | (251) |  | — |  | (251) |
Share-based compensation plans and other | — |  | — |  | (236) |  | — |  | — |  | (5) |  | 302 |  | — |  | 66 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 6 |  | 6 |
Balance at June 30, 2024 | 3,577 |  | $ | 1,788 |  | $ | 44,362 |  | $ | 60,187 |  | $ | (5,361) |  | 1,041 |  | $ | (57,394) |  | $ | 66 |  | $ | 43,648 |
Balance at April 1, 2025 | 3,577 |  | $ | 1,788 |  | $ | 44,816 |  | $ | 66,097 |  | $ | (4,965) |  | 1,061 |  | $ | (59,401) |  | $ | 65 |  | $ | 48,400 |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4,427 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 4,427 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (456) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (456) |
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.81 per share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2,047) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (2,047) |
Treasury stock shares purchased | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 17 |  | (1,345) |  | — |  | (1,345) |
Share-based compensation plans and other | — |  | — |  | (172) |  | — |  | — |  | (4) |  | 251 |  | 1 |  | 80 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Balance at June 30, 2025 | 3,577 |  | $ | 1,788 |  | $ | 44,644 |  | $ | 68,477 |  | $ | (5,421) |  | 1,074 |  | $ | (60,495) |  | $ | 67 |  | $ | 49,060 |
| Six Months Ended June 30,
| Common Stock | Other Paid-In Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Treasury Stock | Non- controlling Interests | Total
($ and shares in millions except per share amounts) | Shares | Par Value | Shares | Cost
Balance at January 1, 2024 | 3,577 |  | $ | 1,788 |  | $ | 44,509 |  | $ | 53,895 |  | $ | (5,161) |  | 1,045 |  | $ | (57,450) |  | $ | 54 |  | $ | 37,635 |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | — |  | — |  | — |  | 10,217 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 10,217 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (200) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (200) |
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($1.54 per share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (3,925) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (3,925) |
Treasury stock shares purchased | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | (373) |  | — |  | (373) |
Share-based compensation plans and other | — |  | — |  | (147) |  | — |  | — |  | (7) |  | 429 |  | 1 |  | 283 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |  | 11 |
Balance at June 30, 2024 | 3,577 |  | $ | 1,788 |  | $ | 44,362 |  | $ | 60,187 |  | $ | (5,361) |  | 1,041 |  | $ | (57,394) |  | $ | 66 |  | $ | 43,648 |
Balance at January 1, 2025 | 3,577 |  | $ | 1,788 |  | $ | 44,704 |  | $ | 63,069 |  | $ | (4,945) |  | 1,049 |  | $ | (58,303) |  | $ | 59 |  | $ | 46,372 |
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9,506 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 9,506 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (476) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (476) |
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($1.62 per share) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (4,098) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (4,098) |
Treasury stock shares purchased | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 29 |  | (2,509) |  | — |  | (2,509) |
Share-based compensation plans and other | — |  | — |  | (60) |  | — |  | — |  | (4) |  | 317 |  | — |  | 257 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 8 |  | 8 |
Balance at June 30, 2025 | 3,577 |  | $ | 1,788 |  | $ | 44,644 |  | $ | 68,477 |  | $ | (5,421) |  | 1,074 |  | $ | (60,495) |  | $ | 67 |  | $ | 49,060 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of changes in the separate accounts comprising stockholders' equity (in addition to retained earnings) and of the changes in the number of shares of equity securities during at least the most recent annual fiscal period and any subsequent interim period presented is required to make the financial statements sufficiently informative if both financial position and results of operations are presented. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -SubTopic 10 -Topic 505 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-2 + Details
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