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Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Jun. 30, 2024
Jun. 30, 2025
Jun. 30, 2024
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,103,522  
Equity, beginning balance $ 48,400 $ 40,424 $ 46,372 $ 37,635
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)     1,049,466,187  
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 4,427 5,455 $ 9,506 10,217
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes (456) (87) (476) (200)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (2,047) (1,965) (4,098) (3,925)
Treasury stock shares purchased (1,345) (251) (2,509) (373)
Share-based compensation plans and other 80 66 257 283
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 1 6 $ 8 11
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Equity, ending balance $ 49,060 $ 43,648 $ 49,060 $ 43,648
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,073,963,194   1,073,963,194  
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.81 $ 0.77 $ 1.62 $ 1.54
  Common Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 44,816 44,598 44,704 44,509
Share-based compensation plans and other (172) (236) (60) (147)
Equity, ending balance 44,644 44,362 44,644 44,362
Retained Earnings        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 66,097 56,697 63,069 53,895
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 4,427 5,455 9,506 10,217
Cash dividends declared on common stock (2,047) (1,965) (4,098) (3,925)
Equity, ending balance 68,477 60,187 68,477 60,187
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance (4,965) (5,274) (4,945) (5,161)
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes (456) (87) (476) (200)
Equity, ending balance (5,421) (5,361) (5,421) (5,361)
 Treasury Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance $ (59,401) $ (57,445) $ (58,303) $ (57,450)
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,061,000,000 1,044,000,000 1,049,000,000 1,045,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) 17,000,000 2,000,000 29,000,000 3,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased $ (1,345) $ (251) $ (2,509) $ (373)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 251 $ 302 $ 317 $ 429
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) (4,000,000) (5,000,000) (4,000,000) (7,000,000)
Equity, ending balance $ (60,495) $ (57,394) $ (60,495) $ (57,394)
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,074,000,000 1,041,000,000 1,074,000,000 1,041,000,000
Non- controlling Interests        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance $ 65 $ 60 $ 59 $ 54
Share-based compensation plans and other 1     1
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 1 6 8 11
Equity, ending balance $ 67 $ 66 $ 67 $ 66