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Equity (Details) - USD ($)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
 3 Months Ended 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Sep. 30, 2025
Sep. 30, 2024
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares)     3,577,103,522  
Equity, beginning balance $ 49,060 $ 43,648 $ 46,372 $ 37,635
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares)     1,049,466,187  
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 5,785 3,157 $ 15,291 13,374
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes 219 (10) (257) (210)
Cash dividends declared on common stock (2,031) (1,960) (6,129) (5,885)
Treasury stock shares purchased (1,324) (444) (3,832) (817)
Share-based compensation plans and other 208 177 464 460
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 2 4 10 15
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests $ (12) (12) $ (12) (12)
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,103,522   3,577,103,522  
Equity, ending balance $ 51,907 $ 44,560 $ 51,907 $ 44,560
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,089,754,712   1,089,754,712  
Cash dividends declared on common stock (in dollars per share) $ 0.81 $ 0.77 $ 2.43 $ 2.31
  Common Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Common stock, beginning balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, beginning balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Common stock, ending balance (in shares) 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000 3,577,000,000
Equity, ending balance $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788 $ 1,788
Other Paid-In Capital        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 44,644 44,362 44,704 44,509
Share-based compensation plans and other 188 168 128 21
Equity, ending balance 44,832 44,530 44,832 44,530
Retained Earnings        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance 68,477 60,187 63,069 53,895
Net income attributable to Merck & Co., Inc. 5,785 3,157 15,291 13,374
Cash dividends declared on common stock (2,031) (1,960) (6,129) (5,885)
Equity, ending balance 72,231 61,384 72,231 61,384
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance (5,421) (5,361) (4,945) (5,161)
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes 219 (10) (257) (210)
Equity, ending balance (5,202) (5,371) (5,202) (5,371)
 Treasury Stock        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance $ (60,495) $ (57,394) $ (58,303) $ (57,450)
Treasury stock, beginning balance (in shares) 1,074,000,000 1,041,000,000 1,049,000,000 1,045,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased (in shares) 16,000,000 4,000,000 46,000,000 7,000,000
Treasury stock shares purchased $ (1,324) $ (444) $ (3,832) $ (817)
Share-based compensation plans and other $ 20 $ 9 $ 336 $ 438
Share-based compensation plans and other (in shares) 0 0 (5,000,000) (7,000,000)
Equity, ending balance $ (61,799) $ (57,829) $ (61,799) $ (57,829)
Treasury stock, ending balance (in shares) 1,090,000,000 1,045,000,000 1,090,000,000 1,045,000,000
Non- controlling Interests        
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]        
Equity, beginning balance $ 67 $ 66 $ 59 $ 54
Share-based compensation plans and other 0     1
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 2 4 10 15
Distributions attributable to noncontrolling interests (12) (12) (12) (12)
Equity, ending balance $ 57 $ 58 $ 57 $ 58