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INCOME TAXES | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
INCOME TAXES | NOTE 11 — INCOME TAXES Provision for Income Taxes The components of the provision for income taxes were as follows:
(In millions) |
Year Ended June 30, |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Current Taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal |  | $ | 14,086 |  |  | $ | 12,165 |  |  | $ | 14,009 |
U.S. state and local |  |  | 3,342 |  |  |  | 2,366 |  |  |  | 2,322 |
Foreign |  |  | 11,423 |  |  |  | 9,858 |  |  |  | 6,678 |
Current taxes |  | $ | 28,851 |  |  | $ | 24,389 |  |  | $ | 23,009 |
Deferred Taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal |  | $ | (6,250 | ) |  | $ | (4,791 | ) |  | $ | (6,146 | )
U.S. state and local |  |  | (1,087 | ) |  |  | (379 | ) |  |  | (477 | )
Foreign |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | 432 |  |  |  | 564 |
Deferred taxes |  | $ | (7,056 | ) |  | $ | (4,738 | ) |  | $ | (6,059 | )
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 21,795 |  |  | $ | 19,651 |  |  | $ | 16,950 |
U.S. and foreign components of income before income taxes were as follows:
(In millions) |
Year Ended June 30, |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
U.S. |  | $ | 69,212 |  |  | $ | 62,886 |  |  | $ | 52,917 |
Foreign |  |  | 54,415 |  |  |  | 44,901 |  |  |  | 36,394 |
Income before income taxes |  | $ | 123,627 |  |  | $ | 107,787 |  |  | $ | 89,311 |
Effective Tax Rate The items accounting for the difference between income taxes computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate and our effective rate were as follows:
Year Ended June 30, |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Federal statutory rate |  |  | 21.0% |  |  |  | 21.0% |  |  |  | 21.0% |
Effect of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign earnings taxed at lower rates |  |  | (1.5)% |  |  |  | (1.4)% |  |  |  | (1.8)% |
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction |  |  | (1.0)% |  |  |  | (1.1)% |  |  |  | (1.3)% |
State income taxes, net of federal benefit |  |  | 1.5% |  |  |  | 1.5% |  |  |  | 1.6% |
Research and development credit |  |  | (1.1)% |  |  |  | (1.1)% |  |  |  | (1.1)% |
Excess tax benefits relating to stock-based compensation |  |  | (0.9)% |  |  |  | (1.1)% |  |  |  | (0.7)% |
Interest, net |  |  | 1.0% |  |  |  | 1.1% |  |  |  | 0.8% |
Other reconciling items, net |  |  | (1.4)% |  |  |  | (0.7)% |  |  |  | 0.5% |
Effective rate |  |  | 17.6% |  |  |  | 18.2% |  |  |  | 19.0% |
The decrease from the federal statutory rate in fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023 is primarily due to earnings taxed at lower rates in foreign jurisdictions resulting from producing and distributing our products and services through our foreign regional operations center in Ireland. In fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023, our foreign regional operating center in Ireland, which is taxed at a rate lower than the U.S. rate, generated 81%, 83%, and 81% of our foreign income before tax. Other reconciling items, net consists primarily of tax credits and the U.S. global intangible low-taxed income tax, and in fiscal year 2024, includes tax benefits from tax law changes. In fiscal year 2024, tax benefits from tax law changes primarily relate to the delay of the effective date of final foreign tax credit regulations. In fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023, there were no individually significant other reconciling items. The decrease in our effective tax rate for fiscal year 2025 compared to fiscal year 2024 was due to changes in the mix of our earnings and tax expenses between the U.S. and foreign countries. The decrease in our effective tax rate for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023 was primarily due to tax benefits from tax law changes, including the delay of the effective date of final foreign tax credit regulations. The components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
(In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
June 30, |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Deferred Income Tax Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 909 |  |  | $ | 765 |
Accruals, reserves, and other expenses |  |  | 5,050 |  |  |  | 4,381 |
Loss and credit carryforwards |  |  | 2,114 |  |  |  | 1,741 |
Amortization |  |  | 4,118 |  |  |  | 4,159 |
Leasing liabilities |  |  | 12,874 |  |  |  | 6,504 |
Unearned revenue |  |  | 4,324 |  |  |  | 3,717 |
Book/tax basis differences in investments and debt |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | 9 |
Capitalized research and development |  |  | 16,891 |  |  |  | 11,442 |
Other |  |  | 529 |  |  |  | 426 |
Deferred income tax assets |  |  | 47,112 |  |  |  | 33,144 |
Less valuation allowance |  |  | (1,169 | ) |  |  | (1,045 | )
Deferred income tax assets, net of valuation allowance |  | $ | 45,943 |  |  | $ | 32,099 |
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leasing assets |  | $ | (12,696 | ) |  | $ | (6,503 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (5,699 | ) |  |  | (3,940 | )
Deferred tax on foreign earnings |  |  | (1,148 | ) |  |  | (1,837 | )
Other |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | (167 | )
Deferred income tax liabilities |  | $ | (19,670 | ) |  | $ | (12,447 | )
Net deferred income tax assets |  | $ | 26,273 |  |  | $ | 19,652 |
Reported As |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other long-term assets |  | $ | 29,108 |  |  | $ | 22,270 |
Long-term deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | (2,835 | ) |  |  | (2,618 | )
Net deferred income tax assets |  | $ | 26,273 |  |  | $ | 19,652 |
Deferred income tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases and are stated at enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the taxes are paid or recovered. As of June 30, 2025, we had federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $390 million, $836 million, and $2.6 billion, respectively. The federal and state net operating loss carryforwards have varying expiration dates ranging from fiscal year 2026 to 2045 or indefinite carryforward periods, if not utilized. The majority of our foreign net operating loss carryforwards do not expire. Certain acquired net operating loss carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation but are expected to be realized with the exception of those which have a valuation allowance. As of June 30, 2025, we had $816 million federal capital loss carryforwards for U.S. tax purposes. The federal capital loss carryforwards will expire in fiscal year 2030 if not utilized. The valuation allowance disclosed in the table above relates to the foreign net operating loss carryforwards, federal capital loss carryforwards, and other net deferred tax assets that may not be realized. Income taxes paid, net of refunds, were $28.7 billion, $23.4 billion, and $23.1 billion in fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively. Uncertain Tax Positions Gross unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions as of June 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, were $24.7 billion, $22.8 billion, and $17.1 billion, respectively, which were primarily included in long-term income taxes in our consolidated balance sheets. If recognized, the resulting tax benefit would affect our effective tax rates for fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023 by $21.2 billion, $19.6 billion, and $14.4 billion, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, 2024, and 2023, we had accrued interest expense related to uncertain tax positions of $8.2 billion, $6.8 billion, and $5.2 billion, respectively, net of income tax benefits. The provision for income taxes for fiscal years 2025, 2024, and 2023 included interest expense related to uncertain tax positions of $1.3 billion, $1.5 billion, and $918 million, respectively, net of income tax benefits. The aggregate changes in the gross unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions were as follows:
(In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Year Ended June 30, |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Beginning unrecognized tax benefits |  | $ | 22,760 |  |  | $ | 17,120 |  |  | $ | 15,593 |
Decreases related to settlements |  |  | (240 | ) |  |  | (76 | ) |  |  | (329 | )
Increases for tax positions related to the current year |  |  | 2,066 |  |  |  | 1,903 |  |  |  | 1,051 |
Increases for tax positions related to prior years |  |  | 468 |  |  |  | 4,289 |  |  |  | 870 |
Decreases for tax positions related to prior years |  |  | (300 | ) |  |  | (464 | ) |  |  | (60 | )
Decreases due to lapsed statutes of limitations |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | (5 | )
Ending unrecognized tax benefits |  | $ | 24,729 |  |  | $ | 22,760 |  |  | $ | 17,120 |
We remain under audit by the IRS for tax years 2014 to 2017. With respect to the audit for tax years 2004 to 2013, on September 26, 2023, we received Notices of Proposed Adjustment (“NOPAs”) from the IRS. The primary issues in the NOPAs relate to intercompany transfer pricing. In the NOPAs, the IRS is seeking an additional tax payment of $28.9 billion plus penalties and interest. As of June 30, 2025, we believe our allowances for income tax contingencies are adequate. We disagree with the proposed adjustments and will vigorously contest the NOPAs through the IRS’s administrative appeals office and, if necessary, judicial proceedings. We do not expect a final resolution of these issues in the next 12 months. Based on the information currently available, we do not anticipate a significant increase or decrease to our income tax contingencies for these issues within the next 12 months. We are subject to income tax in many jurisdictions outside the U.S., some of which are currently under audit by local tax authorities. The resolution of these audits is not expected to be material to our consolidated financial statements. Our operations in Ireland remain subject to examination for tax years 2020 and thereafter.

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