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Long-duration insurance contracts (Tables) | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2024
Insurance [Abstract] |
Summary of life, annuity and health insurance benefits liabilities | A summary of our long-duration life, annuity and health insurance benefits liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, disaggregated for our two primary product categories, periodic payment annuities and life and health insurance, follows. Other liabilities include incurred-but-not reported claims and claims in the course of settlement. Amounts are in millions.
| March 31, |
| 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Periodic payment annuity | $ | 10,749 |  |  | $ | 11,174 |
Life and health |  | 4,259 |  |  |  | 5,633 |
Other |  | 2,979 |  |  |  | 3,130 |
| $ | 17,987 |  |  | $ | 19,937 |
Summary of changes in discounted present values of expected future policy benefits and expected future net premiums | Net premiums represent the portion of expected gross premiums that are required to provide for future policy benefits and variable expenses.
| Periodic payment annuity |  |  | Life and health |
| 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Expected future policy benefits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at the beginning of the year | $ | 11,212 |  |  | $ | 10,640 |  |  | $ | 52,665 |  |  | $ | 52,008 |
Balance at the beginning of the year - original discount rates |  | 11,681 |  |  |  | 11,549 |  |  |  | 65,871 |  |  |  | 63,584 |
Effect of cash flow assumption changes |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (34 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
Effect of actual versus expected experience |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (12,870 | ) |  |  | (519 | )
Change in benefits, net |  | (115 | ) |  |  | (116 | ) |  |  | (449 | ) |  |  | (747 | )
Interest accrual |  | 136 |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | 425 |
Foreign currency effect |  | 2 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | (389 | ) |  |  | 47 |
Balance at March 31 - original discount rates |  | 11,706 |  |  |  | 11,586 |  |  |  | 52,413 |  |  |  | 62,789 |
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions |  | (957 | ) |  |  | (412 | ) |  |  | (11,627 | ) |  |  | (12,169 | )
Balance at March 31 | $ | 10,749 |  |  | $ | 11,174 |  |  | $ | 40,786 |  |  | $ | 50,620 |
Expected future net premiums: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at the beginning of the year |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 46,916 |  |  | $ | 46,129 |
Balance at the beginning of the year - original discount rates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 58,731 |  |  |  | 56,535 |
Effect of cash flow assumption changes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | 2 |
Effect of actual versus expected experience |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11,278 | ) |  |  | (413 | )
Change in premiums, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (407 | ) |  |  | (660 | )
Interest accrual |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 251 |  |  |  | 371 |
Foreign currency effect |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (358 | ) |  |  | 47 |
Balance at March 31 - original discount rates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 46,914 |  |  |  | 55,882 |
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,387 | ) |  |  | (10,895 | )
Balance at March 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,527 |  |  | $ | 44,987 |
Liabilities for future policy benefits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at March 31 | $ | 10,749 |  |  | $ | 11,174 |  |  | $ | 4,259 |  |  | $ | 5,633 |
Reinsurance recoverables |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | (1,565 | )
Balance at March 31, net of reinsurance recoverables | $ | 10,749 |  |  | $ | 11,174 |  |  | $ | 4,209 |  |  | $ | 4,068 |
Summary of Other Information Relating to Long-Duration Insurance Liabilities | Other information relating to our long-duration insurance liabilities as of March 31, 2024 and 2023 follows (dollars in millions).
| Periodic payment annuity |  |  | Life and health |
| 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Undiscounted expected future gross premiums | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95,514 |  |  | $ | 107,831 |
Discounted expected future gross premiums |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56,585 |  |  |  | 64,421 |
Undiscounted expected future benefits |  | 30,953 |  |  |  | 31,244 |  |  |  | 86,800 |  |  |  | 102,881 |
Weighted average discount rate |  | 5.4 | % |  |  | 5.0 | % |  |  | 4.9 | % |  |  | 4.9 | %
Weighted average accretion rate |  | 4.8 | % |  |  | 4.8 | % |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  | 3.2 | %
Weighted average duration | 17 years |  |  | 18 years |  |  | 13 years |  |  | 14 years |
Summary of gross premiums earned and net interest expense | Gross premiums earned and interest expense before reinsurance ceded for the first quarter of 2024 and 2023 were as follows (in millions).
| Gross premiums |  |  | Interest expense |
| 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
Periodic payment annuity | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 133 |
Life and health |  | 944 |  |  |  | 1,004 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 54 |

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