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Goodwill and other intangible assets | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2024
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and other intangible assets | Note 13. Goodwill and other intangible assets Reconciliations of the changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the first three months of 2024 and for the year ended December 31, 2023 follow (in millions).
|  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Balance at the beginning of the year |  | $ | 84,626 |  |  | $ | 78,119 |
Business acquisitions |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 7,347 |
Other, including acquisition period remeasurements and foreign currency translation |  |  | (78 | ) |  |  | (840 | )
Balance at the end of the period* |  | $ | 84,549 |  |  | $ | 84,626 |
—————— * Net of accumulated goodwill impairm ents of $11.1 billion as of March 31, 2024 and Decem ber 31, 2023. Other intangible assets are summarized below (in millions).
|  | March 31, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Gross carrying amount |  |  | Accumulated amortization |  |  | Net carrying value |  |  | Gross carrying amount |  |  | Accumulated amortization |  |  | Net carrying value |
Insurance and other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 28,287 |  |  | $ | 8,051 |  |  | $ | 20,236 |  |  | $ | 28,305 |  |  | $ | 7,901 |  |  | $ | 20,404 |
Trademarks and trade names |  |  | 5,624 |  |  |  | 850 |  |  |  | 4,774 |  |  |  | 5,619 |  |  |  | 846 |  |  |  | 4,773 |
Patents and technology |  |  | 5,279 |  |  |  | 4,196 |  |  |  | 1,083 |  |  |  | 5,238 |  |  |  | 4,109 |  |  |  | 1,129 |
Other |  |  | 4,803 |  |  |  | 1,851 |  |  |  | 2,952 |  |  |  | 4,826 |  |  |  | 1,805 |  |  |  | 3,021 |
|  | $ | 43,993 |  |  | $ | 14,948 |  |  | $ | 29,045 |  |  | $ | 43,988 |  |  | $ | 14,661 |  |  | $ | 29,327 |
Railroad, utilities and energy: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships and contracts |  | $ | 4,092 |  |  | $ | 855 |  |  | $ | 3,237 |  |  | $ | 4,092 |  |  | $ | 791 |  |  | $ | 3,301 |
Trademarks and trade names |  |  | 3,592 |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 3,466 |  |  |  | 3,592 |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 3,494 |
Other |  |  | 1,182 |  |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | 1,001 |  |  |  | 1,174 |  |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | 1,018 |
|  | $ | 8,866 |  |  | $ | 1,162 |  |  | $ | 7,704 |  |  | $ | 8,858 |  |  | $ | 1,045 |  |  | $ | 7,813 |
Other intangible assets of the railroad, utilities and energy businesses are included in other assets. Intangible asset amortization expense in the first quarter was $435 million in 2024 and $429 million in 2023. Intangible assets with indefinite lives were $18.9 billion as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and primarily related to certain customer relationships and trademarks and trade names.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 350 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//350/tableOfContent + Details
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