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Goodwill and other intangible assets | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and other intangible assets | Note 12. Goodwill and other intangible assets Reconciliations of the changes in the carrying value of goodwill for the first six months of 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024 follow (in millions).
| June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Balance at the beginning of the year* | $ | 83,880 |  |  | $ | 84,626 |
Business acquisitions |  | 61 |  |  |  | 87 |
Other, including foreign currency translation |  | 310 |  |  |  | (833 | )
Balance at the end of the period* | $ | 84,251 |  |  | $ | 83,880 |
—————— * Net of accumulated goodwill impairm ents o f $11.5 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and $11.1 billion as of December 31, 2023. Other intangible assets are summarized below (in millions).
| June 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
| Gross carrying amount |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Net carrying value |  |  | Gross carrying amount |  | Accumulated amortization |  | Net carrying value |
Insurance and other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships | $ | 30,939 |  | $ | 9,224 |  | $ | 21,715 |  |  | $ | 30,941 |  | $ | 8,840 |  | $ | 22,101 |
Trademarks and trade names |  | 9,031 |  |  | 1,111 |  |  | 7,920 |  |  |  | 9,007 |  |  | 1,041 |  |  | 7,966 |
Patents and technology |  | 5,572 |  |  | 4,579 |  |  | 993 |  |  |  | 5,375 |  |  | 4,359 |  |  | 1,016 |
Other |  | 5,607 |  |  | 2,156 |  |  | 3,451 |  |  |  | 5,551 |  |  | 1,996 |  |  | 3,555 |
| $ | 51,149 |  | $ | 17,070 |  | $ | 34,079 |  |  | $ | 50,874 |  | $ | 16,236 |  | $ | 34,638 |
Railroad, utilities and energy: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships and contracts | $ | 1,540 |  | $ | 762 |  | $ | 778 |  |  | $ | 1,553 |  | $ | 728 |  | $ | 825 |
Other |  | 443 |  |  | 130 |  |  | 313 |  |  |  | 437 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 311 |
| $ | 1,983 |  | $ | 892 |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 1,990 |  | $ | 854 |  | $ | 1,136 |
Intangible asset amortization expense in the first six months was $863 million in 2025 and $892 million in 2024. Intangible assets with indefinite lives were $18.9 billion as of June 30, 2025 an d December 31, 2024 and primarily related to certain customer relationships and trademarks and trade names. Railroad, utilities and energy intangible assets are included in other assets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-30/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-20/tableOfContent + Details
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