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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | 12 Months Ended
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May 31, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS |
4. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
We perform fair value measurements in accordance with ASC 820. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at their fair values, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of nonperformance. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An asset’s or a liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 820 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
| • | Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
| • | Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; or
| • | Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding accrued interest components, consisted of the following (Level 1 and Level 2 inputs are defined above):
|  | May 31, 2019 |  |  | May 31, 2018 |
|  | Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types |  |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Total |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Total |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities and other |  | $ | 4,899 |  |  | $ | 17,343 |  |  | $ | 22,242 |  |  | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | 44,079 |  |  | $ | 44,302 |
Commercial paper debt securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,647 |  |  |  | 1,647 |
Money market funds |  |  | 5,700 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,700 |  |  |  | 6,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,500 |
Derivative financial instruments |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 29 |
Total assets |  | $ | 10,599 |  |  | $ | 17,348 |  |  | $ | 27,947 |  |  | $ | 6,723 |  |  | $ | 45,755 |  |  | $ | 52,478 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 158 |
Our marketable securities investments consist of Tier 1 commercial paper debt securities, corporate debt securities and certain other securities. Marketable securities as presented per our consolidated balance sheets included securities with original maturities at the time of purchase greater than three months and the remainder of the securities were included in cash and cash equivalents. Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of our instruments that were classified as Level 1 in the table above were derived from quoted market prices and active markets for these instruments that exist. Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of Level 2 instruments listed in the table above, the counterparties to which have high credit ratings, were derived from the following: non-binding market consensus prices that were corroborated by observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or pricing models, such as discounted cash flow techniques, with all significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data including LIBOR-based yield curves, among others. Based on the trading prices of the $56.1 billion and $58.0 billion of senior notes and the related fair value hedges (refer to Notes 7 and 10 for additional information) that we had outstanding as of May 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, the estimated fair values of the senior notes and the related fair value hedges using Level 2 inputs at May 31, 2019 and 2018 were $58.4 billion and $59.0 billion, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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