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Fair Value Measurements | 3 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured using the fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are: •Level 1: observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; •Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and •Level 3: unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions. The Company measures the fair value of certain equity investments, including certain equity method investments, on a recurring basis within other long-term assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fair value of these investments is as follows:
(Amounts in millions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value as of April 30, 2023 |  |  | Fair Value as of January 31, 2023
Equity investments measured using Level 1 inputs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,433 |  |  |  | $ | 5,099 |
Equity investments measured using Level 2 inputs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,082 |  |  |  | 5,570 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,515 |  |  |  | $ | 10,669 |
Changes in fair value of equity securities, as well as certain immaterial equity method investments where the Company has elected the fair value option measured on a recurring basis, are recognized within other gains and losses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. These fair value changes, along with certain other immaterial investment activity, resulted in net losses of $3.2 billion and $2.0 billion for three months ended April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily due to net changes in the underlying stock prices of those investments. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost and adjusted for any observable price changes or impairments within other gains and losses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Derivatives The Company also has derivatives recorded at fair value. Derivative fair values are the estimated amounts the Company would receive or pay upon termination of the related derivative agreements as of the reporting dates. The fair values have been measured using the income approach and Level 2 inputs, which include the relevant interest rate and foreign currency forward curves. As of April 30, 2023 and January 31, 2023, the notional amounts and fair values of these derivatives were as follows:
| April 30, 2023 |  | January 31, 2023 |
(Amounts in millions) | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |
Receive fixed-rate, pay variable-rate interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges | $ | 6,271 |  |  | $ | (669) |  | (1) | $ | 8,021 |  |  | $ | (689) |  | (1)
Receive fixed-rate, pay fixed-rate cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges | 5,920 |  |  | (1,522) |  | (1) | 5,900 |  |  | (1,423) |  | (1)
Total | $ | 12,191 |  |  | $ | (2,191) |  |  | $ | 13,921 |  |  | $ | (2,112) |  |
(1)Classified primarily in deferred income taxes and other within the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements In addition to assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company's assets and liabilities are also subject to nonrecurring fair value measurements. Generally, assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges. The Company did not have any material assets or liabilities resulting in nonrecurring fair value measurements as of April 30, 2023 in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other Fair Value Disclosures The Company records cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term borrowings at cost. The carrying values of these instruments approximate their fair value due to their short-term maturities. The Company's long-term debt is also recorded at cost. The fair value is estimated using Level 2 inputs based on the Company's current incremental borrowing rate for similar types of borrowing arrangements. The carrying value and fair value of the Company's long-term debt as of April 30, 2023 and January 31, 2023, are as follows:
|  | April 30, 2023 |  | January 31, 2023
(Amounts in millions) |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value
Long-term debt, including amounts due within one year |  | $ | 42,095 |  |  | $ | 41,296 |  |  | $ | 38,840 |  |  | $ | 38,169 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126976982&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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