Note 7—Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Indefinite-lived and finite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following:



	September 30, 2016							September 30, 2015
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
	(in millions)
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	351	$	(220	)	$	131	$	351	$	(196	)	$	155
Trade names	192		(80		)	112		192		(67		)	125
Reseller relationships	95		(70		)	25		95		(59		)	36
Other	18		(9		)	9		53		(17		)	36
Total finite-lived intangible assets	$	656	$	(379	)	$	277	$	691	$	(339	)	$	352
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Customer relationships and reacquired rights	$	22,873	$	—		$	22,873	$	6,925	$	—		$	6,925
Visa trade name	4,084		—			4,084		2,564		—			2,564
Visa Europe franchise right	—		—			—		1,520		—			1,520
Total Indefinite-lived intangible assets	$	26,957	$	—		$	26,957	$	11,009	$	—		$	11,009
Total intangible assets, net	$	27,613	$	(379	)	$	27,234	$	11,700	$	(339	)	$	11,361

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $50 million, $63 million and $66 million for fiscal 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. At September 30, 2016, estimated future amortization expense on finite-lived intangible assets is as follows:



Fiscal:	2017		2018	2019	2020	2021 and thereafter	Total
	(in millions)
Estimated future amortization expense	$	46	40	40	40	111	$	277

There was no impairment related to the Company’s indefinite-lived or finite-lived intangible assets during fiscal 2016, 2015 or 2014.

The increase in total net intangible assets during 2016 was primarily related to the Company's acquisition of Visa Europe. Total purchase consideration of $18.8 billion was allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their respective fair value on the acquisition date. Related indefinite-lived intangible assets recorded totaled $16.1 billion consisting of customer relationships and reacquired rights. Upon consummation of the acquisition, the Visa Europe franchise right of $1.5 billion, previously acquired as part of the Company's October 2007 reorganization, was reclassified as a Visa trade name intangible asset as the franchise right permitted Visa Europe's use of the Visa trade name and technology prior to acquisition. Goodwill of $3.3 billion was recorded to reflect the excess purchase consideration over net assets acquired. Intangible assets and goodwill recorded as a result of the Visa Europe acquisition are denominated in euros and translated into U.S. dollars. As such, the change in goodwill balance from the acquisition date to September 30, 2016 primarily includes the impact of $39 million resulting from changes in the euro to U.S. dollar exchange rate during the period. See Note 2—Acquisition of Visa Europe.