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Stock-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation Our stock-based compensation expense consists of restricted stock units (RSUs), shareholder value awards (SVAs), performance awards (PAs), and relative value awards (RVAs). We recognize the fair value of stock-based compensation as expense over the requisite service period of the individual grantees, which generally equals the vesting period. We provide newly issued shares of our common stock and treasury stock to satisfy the issuance of RSU, SVA, PA, and RVA shares. Stock-based compensation expense and the related tax benefits were as follows:
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Stock-based compensation expense | $ | 645.6 |  |  | $ | 628.5 |  |  | $ | 371.1 |
Tax benefit | 135.6 |  |  | 132.0 |  |  | 77.9 |
At December 31, 2024, stock-based compensation awards may be granted under the 2002 Lilly Stock Plan for not more than 48.8 million additional shares. Restricted Stock Units RSUs are granted to certain employees and are payable in shares of our common stock. RSU shares are accounted for at fair value based upon the closing stock price on the date of grant. The corresponding expense is amortized over the vesting period, typically three years. The weighted-average fair values of RSU awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were $749.74, $339.30, and $239.88, respectively. The number of shares ultimately issued for the RSU program remains constant with the number of shares originally granted less forfeitures. Pursuant to this program, 0.9 million, 1.0 million, and 1.0 million shares were granted and approximately 0.3 million, 0.5 million, and 0.8 million shares were issued during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. We expect to issue approximately 0.5 million shares in 2025. As of December 31, 2024, the total estimated remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RSUs was $485.1 million, which will be amortized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 23 months. Shareholder Value Award Program SVAs are granted to officers and management and are payable in shares of our common stock. The number of shares actually issued, if any, varies depending on our stock price at the end of the three-year vesting period compared to pre-established target stock prices. We measure the fair value of the SVA unit on the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award grant and calculates the fair value of the award. Expected volatilities utilized in the model are based on implied volatilities from traded options on our stock, historical volatility of our stock price, and other factors. Similarly, the dividend yield is based on historical experience and our estimate of future dividend yields. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The weighted-average fair values of the SVA units granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were $1,030.87, $349.63, and $203.88, respectively, determined using the following assumptions:
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Expected dividend yield | 0.70 | % |  | 1.07 | % |  | 1.60 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 4.26 |  |  | 4.08 |  |  | 1.57 |
Volatility | 28.64 |  |  | 29.87 |  |  | 32.99 |
Pursuant to this program, approximately 0.2 million, 0.3 million, and 0.5 million shares were issued during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. We expect to issue approximately 0.3 million shares in 2025. As of December 31, 2024, the total estimated remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested SVAs was $61.4 million, which will be amortized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 21 months. Performance Award Program PAs were granted to officers and management prior to 2024 and are payable in shares of our common stock. The number of PA shares actually issued, if any, varied depending on the achievement of certain pre-established earnings-per-share targets over a two-year period. PA shares were accounted for at fair value based upon the closing stock price on the date of grant and fully vest at the end of the measurement period. The fair values of PAs granted for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were, $335.86 and $234.93, respectively. Pursuant to this program, approximately 0.4 million, 0.5 million, and 0.7 million shares were issued during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. We expect to issue approximately 0.6 million shares in 2025. As of December 31, 2024, there was no remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to PAs, as we discontinued the program. Relative Value Award Program RVAs are granted to officers and management and are payable in shares of our common stock. The number of shares actually issued, if any, varies depending on the growth of our stock price at the end of the three-year vesting period compared to our peers. We measure the fair value of the RVA unit on the grant date using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award grant and calculates the fair value of the award. Expected volatilities utilized in the model are based on implied volatilities from traded options on our stock, historical volatility of our stock price and our peers' stock price, and other factors. Similarly, the dividend yield is based on historical experience and our estimate of future dividend yields. The risk-free interest rate is derived from the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The weighted-average fair value of the RVA units granted during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $1,106.40, $397.95, and $230.00, respectively, determined using the following assumptions:
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Expected dividend yield | 0.70 | % |  | 1.07 | % |  | 1.60 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 4.26 |  |  | 4.08 |  |  | 1.57 |
Volatility | 27.69 |  |  | 31.25 |  |  | 32.86 |
Pursuant to this program, approximately 0.1 million shares were issued during each of the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. We expect to issue approximately 0.1 million shares in 2025. As of December 31, 2024, the total estimated remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested RVAs was $27.5 million, which will be amortized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service period of 22 months.

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