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Income taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |
--- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2023 | Jan. 01, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Jan. 01, 2023 | Jan. 02, 2022 | Jan. 03, 2021
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, increase (decrease), percent | (3.00%) |  | 3.90% | (8.20%) |  |
Decrease in foreign tax credits | $ 400 |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in foreign tax credits, percent | 2.60% |  |  |  |  |
Deferred tax assets, tax basis increase of certain assets due to reorganization |  | $ 300 |  | $ 300 | $ 2,300 |
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, GILTI, amount |  |  | $ 100 |  |  |
Increase (decrease) in deferred tax liabilities, global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) |  |  |  | 300 | $ 1,700 |
Tax benefits from loss on capital assets |  | 1.60% |  |  | 1.60% |
Unrecognized tax benefits | $ 2,485 | $ 3,716 | 2,485 | 3,716 | $ 3,210 | $ 3,260
Unrecognized tax benefits, interest on income tax expense |  |  | 99 | 136 | $ 42 |
Unrecognized tax benefits, interest on income taxes accrued | $ 264 | 637 | $ 264 | 637 |  |
State and Local Jurisdiction |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Effective tax rate reconciliation, net increase (decrease) in tax rate, percent |  |  | 3.40% |  | 3.20% |
Deferred tax assets, net |  |  |  |  | $ 600 |
Auris Health | Purchased in-process research and development(1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Impairment of intangible assets, excluding goodwill |  | $ 900 |  |  |  |
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, nondeductible expense, impairment losses, percent |  | 22.40% |  |  |  |
Talc | Consumer Health |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Litigation expense |  |  | $ 7,000 | $ 1,600 |  |
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, tax settlement, percent |  |  | 21.10% |  |  |
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, litigation settlement, percent |  |  |  | 0.235 |  |
Risperdal | Consumer Health |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax Credit Carryforward [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |
Litigation expense |  |  |  | $ 800 |  |
Effective income tax rate reconciliation, litigation settlement, percent |  |  |  | 0.164 |  |

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