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Segments of Business and Geographic Areas - Schedule of Segment Reporting By Geographic Area (Details) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 29, 2024 USD ($) segment | Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) | Jan. 01, 2023 USD ($) Segment
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | $ 88,821 | $ 85,159 | $ 79,990
Assets | $ 180,104 | 167,558 |
Number of segments | 2 |  | 3
Equity securities, FV-NI, gain (loss) | $ (400) | (400) |
Restructuring | 234 | 489 | $ 275
Gain (loss) related to litigation settlement |  | 100 |
Research and development in process | $ 211 | 313 | 783
Impairment, Intangible Asset, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration] | Other (income) expense, net |  |
Property, Plant and Equipment |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Long-Lived Assets | $ 20,518 | 19,898 |
Other Intangible Assets |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Long-Lived Assets | 81,818 | 70,733 |
bermekimab | In Process Research and Development |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Impairment of intangible assets, excluding goodwill |  |  | $ 800
Baby Powder | Talc |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Loss contingency, loss in period | $ 5,100 | $ 7,000 |
Wholesaler 1 | Sales Revenue, Net | Wholesaler Concentration Risk |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Concentration risk (as a percent) | 20.50% | 18.20% | 18.90%
Wholesaler 2 | Sales Revenue, Net | Wholesaler Concentration Risk |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Concentration risk (as a percent) | 15.60% | 15.10% | 15.00%
Wholesaler 3 | Sales Revenue, Net | Wholesaler Concentration Risk |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Concentration risk (as a percent) | 12.30% | 14.20% | 13.80%
Innovative Medicine |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | $ 56,964 | $ 54,759 | $ 52,563
Restructuring | 102 |  | 100
Realized gain (loss) | 100 | (400) | (700)
Gain (loss) related to litigation settlement |  | 100 |
Gain (loss) on divestiture |  | (200) |
Litigation expense |  |  | 100
Innovative Medicine | Momenta |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Impairment of intangible assets, excluding goodwill | 200 | 200 |
MedTech |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 31,857 | 30,400 | 27,427
Restructuring |  |  | 300
Gain (loss) on divestiture | 200 |  |
Acquisition costs, period cost | 300 | 200 | 300
Regulation charge | 200 | 300 | 300
Litigation expense | 300 |  | 600
United States |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 50,302 | 46,444 | 41,981
United States | Innovative Medicine |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 33,970 | 31,169 | 28,604
United States | MedTech |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 16,332 | 15,275 | 13,377
Operating Segments |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 88,821 | 85,159 | 79,990
Long-Lived Assets | 101,119 | 89,439 |
Restructuring | 269 | 798 |
Operating Segments | Innovative Medicine |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 56,964 | 54,759 | 52,563
Assets | 57,070 | 58,324 |
Supplies expense | 100 | 700 | 1,500
Restructuring | 102 | 479 |
Operating Segments | MedTech |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 31,857 | 30,400 | 27,427
Assets | 84,322 | 74,710 |
Restructuring | 167 | 319 |
Operating Segments | United States |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 50,302 | 46,444 | 41,981
Long-Lived Assets | 70,670 | 54,832 |
Operating Segments | Europe |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 20,212 | 20,410 | 20,664
Long-Lived Assets | 27,267 | 31,616 |
Operating Segments | Western Hemisphere excluding U.S. |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 4,714 | 4,549 | 4,108
Long-Lived Assets | 1,728 | 1,491 |
Operating Segments | Asia-Pacific, Africa |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Sales to Customers | 13,593 | 13,756 | $ 13,237
Long-Lived Assets | 1,454 | 1,500 |
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Other non long-lived assets | 77,768 | 76,927 |
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment | General Corporate |  |  |
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items] |  |  |
Long-Lived Assets | 1,217 | 1,192 |
Assets | $ 38,712 | $ 34,524 |

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