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Segments of Business and Geographic Areas - Income Before Tax by Segment (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 29, 2024
Dec. 31, 2023
Jan. 01, 2023
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Sales to Customers $ 88,821 $ 85,159 $ 79,990
Cost of products sold 27,471 26,553 24,596
Selling, marketing and administrative expenses 22,869 21,512 20,246
Research and development expense 17,232 15,085 14,135
Other (income) expense, net (4,694) (6,634) (810)
Earnings before provision for taxes on income 16,687 15,062 19,359
Less: Expense not allocated to segments 5,972 7,853 735
Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Sales to Customers 88,821 85,159 79,990
Earnings before provision for taxes on income 22,659 22,915 20,094
Innovative Medicine      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Sales to Customers 56,964 54,759 52,563
Innovative Medicine | Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Sales to Customers 56,964 54,759 52,563
Cost of products sold 14,036 13,715 14,066
Selling, marketing and administrative expenses 10,906 9,842 9,714
Research and development expense 13,529 11,963 11,642
Other (income) expense, net (426) 993 1,494
Earnings before provision for taxes on income 18,919 18,246 15,647
MedTech      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Sales to Customers 31,857 30,400 27,427
MedTech | Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Sales to Customers 31,857 30,400 27,427
Cost of products sold 13,345 12,722 10,397
Selling, marketing and administrative expenses 10,812 10,476 9,537
Research and development expense 3,703 3,122 2,493
Other (income) expense, net 257 (589) 553
Earnings before provision for taxes on income $ 3,740 $ 4,669 $ 4,447