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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 01, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Note 8—Taxes
Income Taxes
Income before income taxes is comprised of the following:
202420232022
Domestic$7,255 $6,264 $5,759 
Foreign2,485 2,223 2,081 
Total$9,740 $8,487 $7,840 
The provisions for income taxes are as follows:
202420232022
Federal:
Current$1,245 $1,056 $798 
Deferred48 33 (35)
Total federal1,293 1,089 763 
State:
Current431 374 333 
Deferred(77)10 (5)
Total state354 384 328 
Foreign:
Current798 732 851 
Deferred(72)(10)(17)
Total foreign726 722 834 
Total provision for income taxes$2,373 $2,195 $1,925 
The reconciliation between the statutory tax rate and the effective rate for 2024, 2023, and 2022 is as follows:
 202420232022
Federal taxes at statutory rate$2,045 21.0 %$1,782 21.0 %$1,646 21.0 %
State taxes, net288 3.0 302 3.6 267 3.4 
Foreign taxes, net109 1.1 160 1.9 231 3.0 
Employee stock ownership plan (ESOP)(120)(1.2)(25)(0.3)(23)(0.3)
Other51 0.5 (24)(0.3)(196)(2.5)
Total$2,373 24.4 %$2,195 25.9 %$1,925 24.6 %
The Company's effective tax rate in 2024 included discrete tax benefits of $94 related to the portion of the special dividend payable through the Company's 401(k) plan, a net non-recurring tax benefit of $63 related to a transfer pricing settlement and certain true-ups of tax reserves, and $45 of excess tax benefits related to stock compensation. In 2023 and 2022, tax benefits of $54 and $94 were recognized related to stock compensation.
The components of the deferred tax assets (liabilities) are as follows:
20242023
Deferred tax assets:
Equity compensation$96 $89 
Deferred income/membership fees313 309 
Foreign tax credit carry forward315 250 
Operating lease liabilities678 678 
Accrued liabilities and reserves873 761 
Other— 20 
Total deferred tax assets2,275 2,107 
Valuation allowance(494)(422)
Total net deferred tax assets1,781 1,685 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment(948)(867)
Merchandise inventories(296)(380)
Operating lease right-of-use assets(652)(655)
Foreign branch deferreds(105)(87)
Other(1)— 
Total deferred tax liabilities(2,002)(1,989)
       Net deferred tax liabilities$(221)$(304)

The deferred tax accounts at the end of 2024 and 2023 include deferred income tax assets of $548 and $491, included in other long-term assets; and deferred income tax liabilities of $769 and $795, included in other long-term liabilities.
In 2024 and 2023, the Company had valuation allowances of $494 and $422, primarily related to foreign tax credits that the Company believes will not be realized due to carry forward limitations. The foreign tax credit carry forwards are set to expire beginning in fiscal 2030.
The Company generally no longer considers fiscal year earnings of non-U.S. consolidated subsidiaries (other than China) indefinitely reinvested after 2023, in the case of Taiwan, and after 2017, in the case of all other subsidiaries, and has recorded the estimated incremental foreign withholding taxes (net of available foreign tax credits) and state income taxes payable assuming a hypothetical repatriation to the U.S. The Company considers undistributed earnings of certain non-U.S. consolidated subsidiaries, which totaled $3,135, to be indefinitely reinvested and has not provided for withholding or state taxes.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits for 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
20242023
Gross unrecognized tax benefit at beginning of year$16 $16 
Gross increases—current year tax positions3 1 
Gross increases—tax positions in prior years64 11 
Gross decreases—tax positions in prior years— (11)
Lapse of statute of limitations(2)(1)
Gross unrecognized tax benefit at end of year$81 $16 
The gross unrecognized tax benefit includes tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. At the end of 2024 and 2023, these amounts were immaterial. Because of the impact of deferred tax accounting, other than interest and penalties, the disallowance of these tax positions would not affect the annual effective tax rate but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority. The total amount of such unrecognized tax benefits that if recognized would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods is $79 and $14 at the end of 2024 and 2023.
Accrued interest and penalties related to income tax matters are classified as a component of income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties recognized during 2024 and 2023, and accrued at the end of each respective period were immaterial.
The Company is currently under audit by several jurisdictions in the United States and abroad. Some audits may conclude in the next 12 months, and the unrecognized tax benefits recorded in relation to the audits may differ from actual settlement amounts. It is not practical to estimate the effect, if any, of any amount of such change during the next 12 months to previously recorded uncertain tax positions in connection with the audits. The Company does not anticipate that there will be a material increase or decrease in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits in the next 12 months.
The Company files income tax returns in the United States, various state and local jurisdictions, in Canada, and in several other foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local examination for years before fiscal 2018. The Company is currently subject to examination in California for fiscal years 2013 to present.
Other Taxes
The Company is subject to multiple examinations for value added, sales-based, payroll, product, import or other non-income taxes in various jurisdictions. In certain cases, the Company has received assessments from the authorities. Possible losses or range of possible losses associated with these matters are either immaterial or an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss cannot be made at this time. If certain matters or a group of matters were to be decided adversely to the Company, it could result in a charge that might be material to the results of an individual fiscal quarter or year.