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Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Taxes on income

Income Taxes			Year ended December 31
			2020									2019						2018
Income tax expense (benefit)
U.S. federal
Current			$	(182)								$	(73)					$	(181)
Deferred			(1,315)									(1,074)						738
State and local
Current			65									153						183
Deferred			(152)									(172)						(16)
Total United States			(1,584)									(1,166)						724
International
Current			1,833									4,577						4,662
Deferred			(2,141)									(720)						329
Total International			(308)									3,857						4,991
Total income tax expense (benefit)			$	(1,892)								$	2,691					$	5,715

Reconciliation between the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate and the company's effective income tax rate

The reconciliation between the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate and the company’s effective income tax rate is detailed in the following table:

			2020									2019						2018
Income (loss) before income taxes
United States			$	(5,700)								$	(5,483)					$	4,730
International			(1,753)									11,019						15,845
Total income (loss) before income taxes			(7,453)									5,536						20,575
Theoretical tax (at U.S. statutory rate of 21% )			(1,565)									1,163						4,321
Effect of U.S. tax reform			—									3						(26)
Equity affiliate accounting effect			211									(687)						(1,526)
Effect of income taxes from international operations*			(39)									2,196						3,132
State and local taxes on income, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit			(65)									(18)						162
Prior year tax adjustments, claims and settlements			(236)									192						(51)
Tax credits			(33)									(18)						(163)
Other U.S.*			(165)									(140)						(134)
Total income tax expense (benefit)			$	(1,892)								$	2,691					$	5,715
Effective income tax rate			25.4		%							48.6		%				27.8		%

* Includes one-time tax costs (benefits) associated with changes in uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances.

Composition of deferred tax balances

The reported deferred tax balances are composed of the following:

												At December 31
			2020									2019
Deferred tax liabilities
Properties, plant and equipment			$	16,603								$	17,251
Investments and other			5,617									5,372
Total deferred tax liabilities			22,220									22,623
Deferred tax assets
Foreign tax credits			(10,585)									(9,840)
Asset retirement obligations/environmental reserves			(4,721)									(4,329)
Employee benefits			(3,856)									(3,454)
Deferred credits			(1,056)									(1,083)
Tax loss carryforwards			(6,701)									(5,262)
Other accrued liabilities			(228)									(441)
Inventory			(633)									(662)
Operating leases			(1,234)									(1,211)
Miscellaneous			(3,685)									(2,796)
Total deferred tax assets			(32,699)									(29,078)
Deferred tax assets valuation allowance			17,762									15,965
Total deferred taxes, net			$	7,283								$	9,510

Classification of deferred taxes

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, deferred taxes were classified on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows:

			At December 31
			2020									2019
Deferred charges and other assets			$	(5,286)								$	(4,178)
Noncurrent deferred income taxes			12,569									13,688
Total deferred income taxes, net			$	7,283								$	9,510

Changes to the Company's unrecognized tax benefits

The following table indicates the changes to the company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. The term “unrecognized tax benefits” in the accounting standards for income taxes refers to the differences between a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return and the benefit measured and recognized in the financial statements. Interest and penalties are not included.

			2020									2019						2018
Balance at January 1			$	4,987								$	5,070					$	4,828
Foreign currency effects			2									1						(6)
Additions based on tax positions taken in current year			253									94						239
Additions for tax positions taken in prior years			437									313						153
Reductions for tax positions taken in prior years			(216)									(194)						(131)
Settlements with taxing authorities in current year			(429)									(78)						(13)
Reductions as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations			(16)									(219)						—
Balance at December 31			$	5,018								$	4,987					$	5,070

Taxes other than on income

Taxes Other Than on Income
			Year ended December 31
			2020									2019						2018
United States
Excise and similar taxes on products and merchandise			$	4,566								$	4,990					$	4,830
Consumer excise taxes collected on behalf of third parties			(4,566)									(4,990)						(4,830)
Import duties and other levies			7									2						15
Property and other miscellaneous taxes			2,248									1,785						1,577
Payroll taxes			235									254						246
Taxes on production			317									355						325
Total United States			2,807									2,396						2,163
International
Excise and similar taxes on products and merchandise			2,367									2,801						3,031
Consumer excise taxes collected on behalf of third parties			(2,367)									(2,801)						(3,031)
Import duties and other levies			39									35						37
Property and other miscellaneous taxes			1,461									1,435						2,370
Payroll taxes			117									125						132
Taxes on production			75									145						165
Total International			1,692									1,740						2,704
Total taxes other than on income			$	4,499								$	4,136					$	4,867

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