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Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation
Stock Options and Other Share-Based Compensation
Compensation expense for stock options for 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $90 ($68 after tax), $85 ($65 after tax) and $60 ($46 after tax), respectively. In addition, compensation expense for stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, performance shares and restricted stock units for 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $510 ($388 after tax), $(100) ($(76) after tax) and $1,013 ($770 after tax), respectively. No significant stock-based compensation cost was capitalized at December 31, 2024, or December 31, 2023.
Cash received in payment for option exercises under all share-based payment arrangements for 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $356, $263 and $5,835, respectively. Actual tax benefits realized for the tax deductions from option exercises were $24, $20 and $216 for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Cash paid to settle performance shares, restricted stock units and stock appreciation rights was $395, $566 and $556 for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
On May 25, 2022, stockholders approved the Chevron 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan (2022 LTIP). Awards under the 2022 LTIP may take the form of, but are not limited to, stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, performance shares and non-stock grants. From May 2022 through May 2032, no more than 104 million shares may be issued under the 2022 LTIP. For awards issued on or after May 25, 2022, no more than 48 million of those shares may be issued in the form of full value awards such as share-settled restricted stock, share-settled restricted stock units, share-settled performance shares and other share-settled awards that do not require full payment in cash or property for shares underlying such awards by the award recipient. Contractual terms of equity awards vary between three years for the performance shares and special restricted stock units with cliff vesting at the end of the contractual period, five years for standard restricted stock units with cliff vesting at the end of the contractual period and 10 years for the stock options and stock appreciation rights with graded vesting provisions by which one-third of each award vests around each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant. Commencing for grants issued in January 2023 and after, standard restricted stock units vest ratably on an annual basis over a three-year period. Forfeitures of performance shares, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights are recognized as they occur. Forfeitures of stock options are estimated using historical forfeiture data dating back to 1990.
Fair Value and Assumptions The fair market values of stock options and stock appreciation rights granted in 2024, 2023 and 2022 were measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
Year ended December 31
202420232022
Expected term in years1
6.56.46.9
Volatility2
33.0 %32.5 %31.3 %
Risk-free interest rate based on zero coupon U.S. treasury note
3.98 %3.43 %1.79 %
Dividend yield4.1 %3.5 %5.0 %
Weighted-average fair value per option granted$38.00 $45.82 $23.56 
1    Expected term is based on historical exercise and post-vesting cancellation data.
2    Volatility rate is based on historical stock prices over an appropriate period, generally equal to the expected term.
A summary of option activity during 2024 is presented below:
Shares (Thousands)Weighted-Average
 Exercise Price		Averaged Remaining Contractual Term (Years)Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding at January 1, 202424,375 $118.72 
Granted2,730 $152.35 
Exercised(3,504)$101.60 
Forfeited(433)$260.55 
Outstanding at December 31, 202423,168 $122.62 5.06$687 
Exercisable at December 31, 202418,372 $114.15 4.15$675 
The total intrinsic value (i.e., the difference between the exercise price and the market price) of options exercised during 2024, 2023 and 2022 was $190, $167 and $2,369, respectively. During this period, the company continued its practice of issuing treasury shares upon exercise of these awards.
As of December 31, 2024, there was $320 of total unrecognized before-tax compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
At January 1, 2024, the number of LTIP performance shares outstanding was equivalent to 4,419,310 shares. During 2024, 1,525,452 performance shares were granted, 1,966,923 shares vested with cash proceeds distributed to recipients and 118,400 shares were forfeited. At December 31, 2024, there were 3,859,439 performance shares outstanding, of which 2,815,575 are payable in cash and 1,043,864 are payable in shares. The fair value of the liability recorded for these instruments payable in cash was $307 and was measured largely using the Monte Carlo simulation method.
At January 1, 2024, the number of restricted stock units outstanding was equivalent to 5,060,242 shares. During 2024, 1,813,119 restricted stock units were granted, 1,340,664 units vested with cash proceeds distributed to recipients and 132,899 units were forfeited. At December 31, 2024, there were 5,399,798 restricted stock units outstanding, of which 3,346,557 are payable in cash and 2,053,241 are payable in shares. The fair value of the liability recorded for the vested portion of these instruments payable in cash was $387, valued at the stock price as of December 31, 2024. In addition, outstanding stock appreciation rights that were granted under the LTIP totaled 535,122 equivalent shares as of December 31, 2024. The fair value of the liability recorded for the vested portion of these instruments was $23.