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INVESTMENTS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
INVESTMENTS | INVESTMENTS We measure all equity investments that do not result in consolidation and are not accounted for under the equity method at fair value with the change in fair value included in net income. We use quoted market prices to determine the fair values of equity securities with readily determinable fair values. For equity securities without readily determinable fair values, we have elected the measurement alternative under which we measure these investments at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. Management assesses each of these investments on an individual basis. Our investments in debt securities are carried at either amortized cost or fair value. The cost basis is determined by the specific identification method. Investments in debt securities that the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are carried at amortized cost and classified as held-to-maturity. Investments in debt securities that are not classified as held-to-maturity are carried at fair value and classified as either trading or available-for-sale. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading debt securities as well as realized gains and losses on available-for-sale debt securities are included in net income. Unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, on available-for-sale debt securities are included in our consolidated balance sheet as a component of AOCI, except for the changes in fair values attributable to the currency risk being hedged, if applicable, which are included in net income. Refer to Note 5 for additional information related to the Company’s fair value hedges of available-for-sale debt securities. Equity securities with readily determinable fair values that are not accounted for under the equity method and debt securities classified as trading are not assessed for impairment, since they are carried at fair value with the change in fair value included in net income. Equity method investments, equity securities without readily determinable fair values and debt securities classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity are reviewed each reporting period to determine whether a significant event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have an adverse effect on the fair value of each investment. When such events or changes occur, we evaluate the fair value compared to our cost basis in the investment. We also perform this evaluation every reporting period for each investment for which our cost basis has exceeded the fair value. The fair values of most of our Company’s investments in publicly traded companies are often readily available based on quoted market prices. For investments in nonpublicly traded companies, management’s assessment of fair value is based on various valuation methodologies, including discounted cash flows, estimates of sales proceeds, and appraisals, as appropriate. We consider the assumptions that we believe a market participant would use in evaluating estimated future cash flows when employing the discounted cash flow or estimates of sales proceeds valuation methodologies. The ability to accurately predict future cash flows, especially in emerging and developing markets, may impact the determination of fair value. In the event the fair value of an investment declines below our cost basis, management is required to determine if the decline in fair value is other than temporary. If management determines the decline is other than temporary, an impairment charge is recorded. Management’s assessment as to the nature of a decline in fair value is based on, among other things, the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than our cost basis; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and our intent and ability to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value. Equity Securities The carrying values of our equity securities were included in the following line items in our consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
| Fair Value with Changes Recognized in Income | Measurement Alternative — No Readily Determinable Fair Value
December 31, 2022 |  |
Marketable securities | $ | 308 |  | $ | — |
Other investments | 459 |  | 42 |
Other noncurrent assets | 1,303 |  | — |
Total equity securities | $ | 2,070 |  | $ | 42 |
December 31, 2021 |  |
Marketable securities | $ | 376 |  | $ | — |
Other investments | 771 |  | 47 |
Other noncurrent assets | 1,576 |  | — |
Total equity securities | $ | 2,723 |  | $ | 47 |
The calculation of net unrealized gains and losses recognized during the year related to equity securities still held at the end of the year is as follows (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, | 2022 | 2021
Net gains (losses) recognized during the year related to equity securities | $ | (236) |  | $ | 509 |
Less: Net gains (losses) recognized during the year related to equity securities sold during the year | 7 |  | 71 |
Net unrealized gains (losses) recognized during the year related to equity securities still held at the end of the year | $ | (243) |  | $ | 438 |
Debt Securities Our debt securities consisted of the following (in millions):
|  | Gross Unrealized | Estimated Fair Value
| Cost | Gains | Losses
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |
Trading securities | $ | 43 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (4) |  | $ | 39 |
Available-for-sale securities | 979 |  | 26 |  | (61) |  | 944 |
Total debt securities | $ | 1,022 |  | $ | 26 |  | $ | (65) |  | $ | 983 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |
Trading securities | $ | 39 |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 40 |
Available-for-sale securities | 1,648 |  | 33 |  | (132) |  | 1,549 |
Total debt securities | $ | 1,687 |  | $ | 34 |  | $ | (132) |  | $ | 1,589 |
The carrying values of our debt securities were included in the following line items in our consolidated balance sheets (in millions):
| December 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2021
| Trading Securities | Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Trading Securities | Available-for-Sale Securities
Marketable securities | $ | 39 |  | $ | 722 |  |  | $ | 40 |  | $ | 1,283 |
Other noncurrent assets | — |  | 222 |  |  | — |  | 266 |
Total debt securities | $ | 39 |  | $ | 944 |  |  | $ | 40 |  | $ | 1,549 |
The contractual maturities of these available-for-sale debt securities as of December 31, 2022 were as follows (in millions):
| Cost | Estimated Fair Value |  |  |
Within 1 year | $ | 146 |  | $ | 145 |  |  |  |
After 1 year through 5 years | 621 |  | 598 |  |  |  |
After 5 years through 10 years | 38 |  | 49 |  |  |  |
After 10 years | 174 |  | 152 |  |  |  |
Total | $ | 979 |  | $ | 944 |  |  |  |
The Company expects that actual maturities may differ from the contractual maturities above because borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations. The sale and/or maturity of available-for-sale debt securities resulted in the following realized activity (in millions):
Year Ended December 31, | 2022 | 2021 | 2020
Gross gains | $ | 5 |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | 20 |
Gross losses | (136) |  | (10) |  | (13) |
Proceeds | 1,498 |  | 1,197 |  | 1,559 |
Captive Insurance Companies In accordance with local insurance regulations, our consolidated captive insurance companies are required to meet and maintain minimum solvency capital requirements. The Company elected to invest a majority of its solvency capital in a portfolio of marketable equity and debt securities. These securities are included in the disclosures above. The Company uses one of our consolidated captive insurance companies to reinsure group annuity insurance contracts that cover the obligations of certain of our European and Canadian pension plans. This captive’s solvency capital funds included total equity and debt securities of $1,378 million and $1,670 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which were classified in the line item other noncurrent assets in our consolidated balance sheets because the assets were not available to satisfy our current obligations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for investments in certain debt and equity securities. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 320 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2209399 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 946 -SubTopic 320 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2324412 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 320 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2196928 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 940 -SubTopic 320 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2176304 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher SEC -Name Regulation S-K (SK) -Number 229 -Section 1403 -Paragraph (b) + Details
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