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Share-Based Compensation (Notes) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Text Block] | Share-Based Compensation The Company’s outstanding share-based awards consist mainly of non-qualified stock options and restricted shares. In June 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors approved 48 million additional shares under the Plan. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 71 million shares available for future grants of share-based awards under the Plan. As of December 31, 2020, there were also 4 million shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP. Stock Options Stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2020 is summarized in the table below:
| Shares |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
| (in millions) |  |  |  | (in years) |  | (in millions)
Outstanding at beginning of period | 32 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  |  |  |
Granted | 7 |  |  | 311 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (10) |  |  | 126 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (1) |  |  | 255 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at end of period | 28 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 6.6 |  | $ | 3,937 |
Exercisable at end of period | 13 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 5.0 |  | 2,579 |
Vested and expected to vest, end of period | 27 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 6.5 |  | 3,892 |
Restricted Shares Restricted share activity for the year ended December 31, 2020 is summarized in the table below:
(shares in millions) |  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Nonvested at beginning of period |  | 5 |  |  | $ | 207 |
Granted |  | 1 |  |  | 303 |
Vested |  | (2) |  |  | 187 |
Nonvested at end of period |  | 4 |  |  | 256 |
Other Share-Based Compensation Data
(in millions, except per share amounts) |  | For the Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Stock Options |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average grant date fair value of shares granted, per share |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 43 |
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised |  | 1,736 |  |  | 1,398 |  |  | 1,431 |
Restricted Shares |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average grant date fair value of shares granted, per share |  | 303 |  |  | 259 |  |  | 229 |
Total fair value of restricted shares vested |  | $ | 574 |  |  | $ | 545 |  |  | $ | 521 |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares purchased |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 2 |
Share-Based Compensation Items |  |  |  |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense, before tax |  | $ | 679 |  |  | $ | 697 |  |  | $ | 638 |
Share-based compensation expense, net of tax effects |  | 619 |  |  | 641 |  |  | 587 |
Income tax benefit realized from share-based award exercises |  | 208 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 239 |
(in millions, except years) |  | December 31, 2020
Unrecognized compensation expense related to share awards |  | $ | 805 |
Weighted-average years to recognize compensation expense |  | 1.4 |
Share-Based Compensation Recognition and Estimates The principal assumptions the Company used in calculating grant-date fair value for stock options were as follows:
|  | For the Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Risk-free interest rate |  | 0.2% - 1.4% |  | 1.5% - 2.5% |  | 2.6% - 3.1%
Expected volatility |  | 22.2% - 29.5% |  | 19.4% - 21.6% |  | 18.7% - 19.3%
Expected dividend yield |  | 1.4% - 1.7% |  | 1.4% - 1.8% |  | 1.3% - 1.5%
Forfeiture rate |  | 5.0% |  | 5.0% |  | 5.0%
Expected life in years |  | 5.1 |  | 5.3 |  | 5.6
Risk-free interest rates are based on U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant. Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock and the implied volatility from exchange-traded options on the Company’s common stock. Expected dividend yields are based on the per share cash dividend paid by the Company. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercises and forfeitures within the valuation model. The expected lives of options granted represents the period of time the awards granted are expected to be outstanding based on historical exercise patterns. Other Employee Benefit Plans The Company offers a 401(k) plan for its employees. Compensation expense related to this plan was not material for 2020, 2019 and 2018. In addition, the Company maintains non-qualified, deferred compensation plans, which allow certain members of senior management and executives to defer portions of their salary or bonus. The deferrals are recorded within long-term investments with an approximately equal amount in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The total deferrals are distributable based upon termination of employment or other periods, as elected under each plan and were $1.6 billion and $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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