Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Notes)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segment, were as follows:


(in millions)	UnitedHealthcare		OptumHealth		OptumInsight		OptumRx		Consolidated
Balance at January 1, 2019	$	26,400	$	11,947	$	5,772	$	14,791	$	58,910
Acquisitions	1,022		3,395		2,521		6		6,944
Foreign currency effects and other adjustments, net	(194)		—		(1)		—		(195)
Balance at December 31, 2019	27,228		15,342		8,292		14,797		65,659
Acquisitions	1,180		4,500		—		699		6,379
Foreign currency effects and other adjustments, net	(623)		2		(119)		39		(701)
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	27,785	$	19,844	$	8,173	$	15,535	$	71,337

The gross carrying value, accumulated amortization and net carrying value of other intangible assets were as follows:


	December 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
(in millions)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Customer-related	$	13,428	$	(4,575)	$	8,853	$	12,968	$	(4,319)	$	8,649
Trademarks and technology	1,597		(624)		973		1,186		(525)		661
Trademarks and other indefinite-lived	680		—		680		726		—		726
Other	606		(256)		350		541		(228)		313
Total	$	16,311	$	(5,455)	$	10,856	$	15,421	$	(5,072)	$	10,349

The acquisition date fair values and weighted-average useful lives assigned to finite-lived intangible assets acquired in business combinations consisted of the following by year of acquisition:


	2020			2019
(in millions, except years)	Fair Value		Weighted-Average Useful Life	Fair Value		Weighted-Average Useful Life
Customer-related	$	1,113	11 years	$	1,750	13 years
Trademarks and technology	514		10 years	163		5 years
Other	95		10 years	119		11 years
Total acquired finite-lived intangible assets	$	1,722	11 years	$	2,032	13 years

Estimated full year amortization expense relating to intangible assets for each of the next five years ending December 31 is as follows:


(in millions)
2021	$	1,105
2022	998
2023	933
2024	887
2025	850

Amortization expense relating to intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $1.1 billion, $1.0 billion and $898 million, respectively.