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Segment Financial Information (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Financial Information [Text Block] Segment Financial Information
Factors used to determine the Company’s reportable segments include the nature of operating activities, economic characteristics, existence of separate senior management teams and the type of information used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to evaluate its results of operations. Reportable segments with similar economic characteristics, products and services, customers, distribution methods and operational processes which operate in a similar regulatory environment are combined.
The following is a description of the types of products and services from which each of the Company’s four reportable segments derives its revenues:
•UnitedHealthcare includes the combined results of operations of UnitedHealthcare Employer & Individual, UnitedHealthcare Medicare & Retirement, UnitedHealthcare Community & State and UnitedHealthcare Global. The U.S. businesses share significant common assets, including a contracted network of physicians, health care professionals, hospitals and other facilities, information technology and consumer engagement infrastructure and other resources. UnitedHealthcare Employer & Individual offers an array of consumer-oriented health benefit plans and services for large national employers, public sector employers, mid-sized employers, small businesses and individuals nationwide. UnitedHealthcare Medicare & Retirement provides health care coverage and health and well-being services to individuals age 50 and older, addressing their unique needs for preventive and acute health care services as well as services dealing with chronic disease and other specialized issues for older individuals. UnitedHealthcare Community & State provides diversified health care benefits products and services to state programs caring for the economically disadvantaged and the medically underserved. UnitedHealthcare Community & State’s primary customers oversee Medicaid plans, the Children’s Health Insurance Program and other federal, state and community health care programs. UnitedHealthcare Global provides health and dental benefits and hospital and clinical services to employer groups and individuals in South America, and other diversified global health businesses.
•OptumHealth focuses on care delivery, care management, wellness and consumer engagement, and health financial services. OptumHealth is building a comprehensive, connected health care delivery and engagement platform by directly providing high-quality care, helping people manage chronic and complex health needs, and proactively engaging consumers in managing their health through in-person, virtual and digital clinical platforms. OptumHealth offers access to networks of care provider specialists, health management services, care delivery, consumer engagement and financial services.
•OptumInsight brings together advanced analytics, technology and health care expertise to deliver integrated services and solutions. Hospital systems, physicians, health plans, governments, life sciences companies and other organizations comprising the health care industry depend on OptumInsight to help them improve performance, achieve efficiency, reduce costs, meet compliance mandates and modernize their core operating systems to meet the changing needs of the health system.
•OptumRx offers pharmacy care services and programs, including retail network contracting, home delivery, specialty and community health pharmacy services, purchasing and clinical capabilities, and develops programs in areas such as step therapy, formulary management, drug adherence and disease/drug therapy management. OptumRx integrates pharmacy and medical care and is positioned to serve patients with complex clinical needs and consumers looking for a better digital pharmacy experience with transparent pricing.
The Company’s accounting policies for reportable segment operations are consistent with those described in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (see Note 2). Transactions between reportable segments principally consist of sales of pharmacy care products and services to UnitedHealthcare customers by OptumRx, certain product offerings and care management and local care delivery services sold to UnitedHealthcare by OptumHealth, and health information and technology solutions, consulting and other services sold to UnitedHealthcare by OptumInsight. These transactions are recorded at management’s estimate of fair value. Transactions with affiliated customers are eliminated in consolidation. Assets and liabilities jointly used are assigned to each reportable segment using estimates of pro-rata usage. Cash and investments are assigned so each reportable segment has working capital and/or at least minimum specified levels of regulatory capital.
As a percentage of the Company’s total consolidated revenues, premium revenues from CMS were 36%, 33% and 30% for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively, most of which were generated by UnitedHealthcare Medicare & Retirement and included in the UnitedHealthcare segment. U.S. customer revenue represented approximately 97%, 96% and 96% of consolidated total revenues for 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Long-lived fixed assets located in the United States represented approximately 75% and 72% of the total long-lived fixed assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The non-U.S. revenues and fixed assets are primarily related to UnitedHealthcare Global.
The following table presents the reportable segment financial information:
  Optum  
(in millions)UnitedHealthcareOptumHealthOptumInsightOptumRxOptum EliminationsOptumCorporate and
Eliminations		Consolidated
2020
Revenues - unaffiliated customers:
Premiums$191,679 $9,799 $— $— $— $9,799 $— $201,478 
Products— 33 135 33,977 — 34,145 — 34,145 
Services8,464 6,815 3,687 1,050 — 11,552 — 20,016 
Total revenues - unaffiliated customers200,143 16,647 3,822 35,027 — 55,496 — 255,639 
Total revenues - affiliated customers— 22,481 6,941 52,420 (1,800)80,042 (80,042)— 
Investment and other income732 680 39 51 — 770 — 1,502 
Total revenues$200,875 $39,808 $10,802 $87,498 $(1,800)$136,308 $(80,042)$257,141 
Earnings from operations$12,359 $3,434 $2,725 $3,887 $— $10,046 $— $22,405 
Interest expense— — — — — — (1,663)(1,663)
Earnings before income taxes$12,359 $3,434 $2,725 $3,887 $— $10,046 $(1,663)$20,742 
Total assets$98,229 $52,073 $15,425 $39,280 $— $106,778 $(7,718)$197,289 
Purchases of property, equipment and capitalized software687 715 461 188 — 1,364 — 2,051 
Depreciation and amortization920 703 670 598 — 1,971 — 2,891 
2019
Revenues - unaffiliated customers:
Premiums$183,783 $5,916 $— $— $— $5,916 $— $189,699 
Products— 31 116 31,450 — 31,597 — 31,597 
Services8,922 5,732 3,630 689 — 10,051 — 18,973 
Total revenues - unaffiliated customers192,705 11,679 3,746 32,139 — 47,564 — 240,269 
Total revenues - affiliated customers— 17,966 6,239 42,093 (1,661)64,637 (64,637)— 
Investment and other income1,137 672 21 56 — 749 — 1,886 
Total revenues$193,842 $30,317 $10,006 $74,288 $(1,661)$112,950 $(64,637)$242,155 
Earnings from operations$10,326 $2,963 $2,494 $3,902 $— $9,359 $— $19,685 
Interest expense— — — — — — (1,704)(1,704)
Earnings before income taxes$10,326 $2,963 $2,494 $3,902 $— $9,359 $(1,704)$17,981 
Total assets$88,250 $40,444 $15,181 $36,346 $— $91,971 $(6,332)$173,889 
Purchases of property, equipment and capitalized software841 573 495 162 — 1,230 — 2,071 
Depreciation and amortization926 565 672 557 — 1,794 — 2,720 
2018
Revenues - unaffiliated customers:
Premiums$174,282 $3,805 $— $— $— $3,805 $— $178,087 
Products— 52 111 29,438 — 29,601 — 29,601 
Services8,366 4,925 3,280 612 — 8,817 — 17,183 
Total revenues - unaffiliated customers182,648 8,782 3,391 30,050 — 42,223 — 224,871 
Total revenues - affiliated customers— 14,882 5,596 39,440 (1,409)58,509 (58,509)— 
Investment and other income828 481 21 46 — 548 — 1,376 
Total revenues$183,476 $24,145 $9,008 $69,536 $(1,409)$101,280 $(58,509)$226,247 
Earnings from operations$9,113 $2,430 $2,243 $3,558 $— $8,231 $— $17,344 
Interest expense— — — — — — (1,400)(1,400)
Earnings before income taxes$9,113 $2,430 $2,243 $3,558 $— $8,231 $(1,400)$15,944 
Total assets$82,938 $29,837 $11,039 $33,912 $— $74,788 $(5,505)$152,221 
Purchases of property, equipment and capitalized software761 593 517 192 — 1,302 — 2,063 
Depreciation and amortization845 439 654 490 — 1,583 — 2,428