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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock Option Activity [Table Text Block]
Stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2020 is summarized in the table below:
SharesWeighted-
Average
Exercise
Price
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
 (in millions) (in years)(in millions)
Outstanding at beginning of period32 $166 
Granted311 
Exercised(10)126 
Forfeited(1)255 
Outstanding at end of period28 211 6.6$3,937 
Exercisable at end of period13 150 5.02,579 
Vested and expected to vest, end of period27 210 6.53,892 
Restricted Share Activity [Table Text Block]
Restricted share activity for the year ended December 31, 2020 is summarized in the table below:
(shares in millions)SharesWeighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Share
Nonvested at beginning of period$207 
Granted303 
Vested(2)187 
Nonvested at end of period256 
Other Share-Based Compensation Data [Table Text Block]
Other Share-Based Compensation Data
(in millions, except per share amounts)For the Years Ended December 31,
202020192018
Stock Options
Weighted-average grant date fair value of shares granted, per share$54 $46 $43 
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised1,736 1,398 1,431 
Restricted Shares
Weighted-average grant date fair value of shares granted, per share303 259 229 
Total fair value of restricted shares vested$574 $545 $521 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Number of shares purchased
Share-Based Compensation Items
Share-based compensation expense, before tax$679 $697 $638 
Share-based compensation expense, net of tax effects619 641 587 
Income tax benefit realized from share-based award exercises208 201 239 

(in millions, except years)December 31, 2020
Unrecognized compensation expense related to share awards$805 
Weighted-average years to recognize compensation expense1.4 
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]
The principal assumptions the Company used in calculating grant-date fair value for stock options were as follows:
For the Years Ended December 31,
 202020192018
Risk-free interest rate0.2% - 1.4%1.5% - 2.5%2.6% - 3.1%
Expected volatility22.2% - 29.5%19.4% - 21.6%18.7% - 19.3%
Expected dividend yield1.4% - 1.7%1.4% - 1.8%1.3% - 1.5%
Forfeiture rate5.0%5.0%5.0%
Expected life in years5.15.35.6