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Income Taxes (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block] Income Taxes
The current income tax provision reflects the tax consequences of revenues and expenses currently taxable or deductible on various income tax returns for the year reported. The deferred income tax provision or benefit generally reflects the net change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year, excluding any deferred income tax assets and liabilities of acquired businesses. The components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions)202120202019
Current Provision:  
Federal$3,451 $4,098 $2,629 
State and local481 392 319 
Foreign516 491 564 
Total current provision4,448 4,981 3,512 
Deferred provision (benefit)130 (8)230 
Total provision for income taxes$4,578 $4,973 $3,742 
The reconciliation of the tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
(in millions, except percentages)202120202019
Tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate$4,685 21.0 %$4,356 21.0 %$3,776 21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit419 1.9 315 1.5 271 1.5 
Share-based awards - excess tax benefit(100)(0.4)(130)(0.6)(132)(0.7)
Non-deductible compensation144 0.6 134 0.7 119 0.7 
Health insurance tax— — 626 3.0 — — 
Foreign rate differential(246)(1.1)(164)(0.8)(214)(1.2)
Other, net(324)(1.5)(164)(0.8)(78)(0.5)
Provision for income taxes$4,578 20.5 %$4,973 24.0 %$3,742 20.8 %
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the differences between the financial and income tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities based on enacted tax rates and laws. The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31 are as follows:
(in millions)20212020
Deferred income tax assets:  
Accrued expenses and allowances$723 $815 
U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards287 276 
Share-based compensation
117 98 
Nondeductible liabilities
296 252 
Non-U.S. tax loss carryforwards
435 340 
Lease liability
1,284 1,200 
Other-domestic
228 126 
Other-non-U.S.
376 454 
Subtotal3,746 3,561 
Less: valuation allowances(198)(170)
Total deferred income tax assets3,548 3,391 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
U.S. federal and state intangible assets(2,658)(2,588)
Non-U.S. goodwill and intangible assets(512)(606)
Capitalized software
(833)(731)
Depreciation and amortization
(349)(346)
Prepaid expenses(256)(216)
Outside basis in partnerships
(565)(342)
Lease right-of-use asset
(1,267)(1,179)
Net unrealized gains on investments(125)(400)
Other-non-U.S.
(248)(350)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(6,813)(6,758)
Net deferred income tax liabilities$(3,265)$(3,367)
Valuation allowances are provided when it is considered more likely than not deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowances primarily relate to future tax benefits on certain federal, state and non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards. Gross federal net operating loss carryforwards of $42 million expire beginning in 2023 through 2037 and $295 million have an indefinite carryforward period; state net operating loss carryforwards expire beginning in 2022 through 2041, with some having an indefinite carryforward period. Substantially all of the non-U.S. tax loss carryforwards have indefinite carryforward periods.
As of December 31, 2021, the Company’s undistributed earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in non-U.S. operations, and therefore no U.S. deferred taxes have been recorded. Taxes payable on the remittance of such earnings would be minimal.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31 is as follows:
(in millions)202120202019
Gross unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period$1,829 $1,423 $1,056 
Gross increases:   
Current year tax positions
538 416 512 
Prior year tax positions
10 120 2 
Gross decreases:   
Prior year tax positions
(47)(130)(96)
Settlements— — (46)
Statute of limitations lapses
(20)— (5)
Gross unrecognized tax benefits, end of period$2,310 $1,829 $1,423 
The Company believes it is reasonably possible its liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease in the next twelve months by $42 million as a result of audit settlements and the expiration of statutes of limitations.
The Company classifies net interest and penalties associated with uncertain income tax positions as income taxes within its Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $66 million, $52 million and $19 million of net interest and penalties, respectively. The Company had $194 million and $128 million of accrued interest and penalties for uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These amounts are not included in the reconciliation above. As of December 31, 2021, there were $1.2 billion of unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate.
The Company currently files income tax returns in the United States, various states and localities and non-U.S. jurisdictions. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has completed exams on the consolidated income tax returns for fiscal years 2016 and prior. The Company’s 2017 through 2020 tax years are under review by the IRS under its Compliance Assurance Program. With the exception of a few states, the Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations prior to the 2014 tax year. In general, the Company is subject to examination in non-U.S. jurisdictions for years 2015 and forward.