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Income Taxes (Notes)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block] Income Taxes
The current income tax provision reflects the tax consequences of revenues and expenses currently taxable or deductible on various income tax returns for the year reported. The deferred income tax provision or benefit generally reflects the net change in deferred income tax assets and liabilities during the year, excluding any deferred income tax assets and liabilities of acquired businesses.
The components of income before income taxes, based upon tax jurisdiction, for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions)202420232022
Income before income taxes:  
Domestic$28,264 $29,210 $26,685 
Foreign(8,193)(98)(342)
Total income before income taxes$20,071 $29,112 $26,343 
The components of the provision for income taxes for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
(in millions)202420232022
Current Provision:  
Federal$3,453 $4,418 $4,842 
State and local416 716 855 
Foreign1,256 1,079 680 
Total current provision5,125 6,213 6,377 
Deferred benefit(296)(245)(673)
Total provision for income taxes$4,829 $5,968 $5,704 
The reconciliation of the tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31 is as follows:
(in millions, except percentages)202420232022
Tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate$4,215 21.0 %$6,114 21.0 %$5,532 21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit343 1.7 567 2.0 621 2.4 
Share-based awards - excess tax benefit(96)(0.5)(75)(0.3)(110)(0.4)
Non-deductible compensation171 0.9 174 0.6 150 0.6 
Foreign rate differential(369)(1.8)(442)(1.5)(265)(1.0)
Tax effect of dispositions and other strategic transactions1,215 6.1 (29)(0.1)(215)(0.8)
Other, net(650)(3.3)(341)(1.2)(9)(0.1)
Provision for income taxes$4,829 24.1 %$5,968 20.5 %$5,704 21.7 %
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the differences between the financial and income tax reporting bases of assets and liabilities based on enacted tax rates and laws. The components of deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31 are as follows:
(in millions)20242023
Deferred income tax assets:  
Accrued expenses and allowances$1,055 $754 
U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards442 417 
Share-based compensation
189 173 
Nondeductible liabilities
343 329 
Non-U.S. tax loss carryforwards
21 1,061 
Lease liability
846 930 
  Net unrealized losses on investments669 586 
Other-domestic
597 327 
Other-non-U.S.
59 484 
Subtotal4,221 5,061 
Less: valuation allowances(397)(366)
Total deferred income tax assets3,824 4,695 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
U.S. federal and state intangible assets(4,479)(3,712)
Non-U.S. goodwill and intangible assets(82)(731)
Capitalized software
(288)(415)
Depreciation and amortization
(400)(371)
Prepaid expenses(374)(326)
Outside basis in partnerships
(960)(811)
Lease right-of-use asset
(833)(914)
Other-non-U.S.
(28)(436)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(7,444)(7,716)
Net deferred income tax liabilities$(3,620)$(3,021)
Valuation allowances are provided when it is considered more likely than not deferred tax assets will not be realized. The valuation allowances primarily relate to future tax benefits on certain federal, state and non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards. Substantially all of the federal net operating loss carryforwards have indefinite carryforward periods; state net operating loss carryforwards expire beginning in 2025 through 2044, with some having an indefinite carryforward period. Additionally, as of December 31, 2024, the Company has historical non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards for which a deferred tax asset and valuation allowance of $4.1 billion are not established because realization of the loss carryforwards is remote.
As of December 31, 2024, except for subsidiaries held for sale, the Company’s undistributed earnings from non-U.S. subsidiaries are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in non-U.S. operations, and therefore no U.S. deferred taxes have been recorded. Taxes payable on the remittance of such earnings would be minimal.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31 is as follows:
(in millions)202420232022
Gross unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period$3,716 $3,081 $2,310 
Gross increases:   
Current year tax positions
578 782 586 
Prior year tax positions
10 97 206 
Gross decreases:   
Prior year tax positions
(121)(212)(21)
Statute of limitations lapses and settlements(60)(32)— 
Gross unrecognized tax benefits, end of period$4,123 $3,716 $3,081 
The Company believes it is reasonably possible its liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease in the next twelve months by $101 million as a result of audit settlements and the expiration of statutes of limitations.
The Company classifies net interest and penalties associated with uncertain income tax positions as income taxes within its Consolidated Statements of Operations. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized $210 million, $177 million and $64 million of net interest and penalties, respectively. The Company had $637 million and $430 million of accrued interest and penalties for uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These amounts are not included in the reconciliation above. As of December 31, 2024, there were $2.0 billion of unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate.
The Company currently files income tax returns in the United States, various states and localities and non-U.S. jurisdictions. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has completed exams on the consolidated income tax returns for fiscal years 2016 and prior. The Company’s 2017 through 2020 tax years are under review by the IRS under its Compliance Assurance Program. The Company is no longer subject to state income tax examinations prior to the 2015 tax year. The Company is subject to examination in non-U.S. jurisdictions for years 2015 and forward.