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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Jul. 27, 2019
Retirement Benefits [Abstract] |
Summary of Share-Based Compensation Expense | Share-based compensation expense consists primarily of expenses for stock options, stock purchase rights, restricted stock, and RSUs granted to employees. The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense (in millions):
Years Ended | July 27, 2019 |  | July 28, 2018 |  | July 29, 2017
Cost of sales—product | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 85 |
Cost of sales—service | 130 |  |  | 133 |  |  | 134 |
Share-based compensation expense in cost of sales | 220 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 219 |
Research and development | 540 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 529 |
Sales and marketing | 519 |  |  | 555 |  |  | 542 |
General and administrative | 250 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 236 |
Restructuring and other charges | 62 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 3 |
Share-based compensation expense in operating expenses | 1,371 |  |  | 1,372 |  |  | 1,310 |
Total share-based compensation expense | $ | 1,591 |  |  | $ | 1,599 |  |  | $ | 1,529 |
Income tax benefit for share-based compensation | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 558 |  |  | $ | 451 |
Summary of Share-Based Awards Available for Grant | A summary of share-based awards available for grant is as follows (in millions):
Years Ended | July 27, 2019 |  | July 28, 2018 |  | July 29, 2017
Balance at beginning of fiscal year | 245 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 242 |
Restricted stock, stock units, and other share-based awards granted | (67 | ) |  | (70 | ) |  | (76 | )
Share-based awards canceled/forfeited/expired | 18 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 78 |
Shares withheld for taxes and not issued | 23 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 28 |
Other | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at end of fiscal year | 220 |  |  | 245 |  |  | 272 |
Summary of Restricted Stock and Stock Unit Activity | A summary of the restricted stock and stock unit activity, which includes time-based and performance-based or market-based RSUs, is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
| Restricted Stock/ Stock Units |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share |  | Aggregate Fair Value
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 30, 2016 | 145 |  |  | $ | 24.26 |  |  |
Granted | 50 |  |  | 27.89 |  |  |
Assumed from acquisitions | 15 |  |  | 32.21 |  |  |
Vested | (54 | ) |  | 23.14 |  |  | $ | 1,701 |
Canceled/forfeited/other | (15 | ) |  | 23.56 |  |  |
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 29, 2017 | 141 |  |  | 26.94 |  |  |
Granted | 46 |  |  | 35.62 |  |  |
Assumed from acquisitions | 1 |  |  | 28.26 |  |  |
Vested | (53 | ) |  | 26.02 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |
Canceled/forfeited/other | (16 | ) |  | 28.37 |  |  |
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018 | 119 |  |  | 30.56 |  |  |
Granted | 45 |  |  | 47.71 |  |  |
Vested | (50 | ) |  | 29.25 |  |  | $ | 2,446 |
Canceled/forfeited/other | (14 | ) |  | 32.01 |  |  |
UNVESTED BALANCE AT JULY 27, 2019 | 100 |  |  | $ | 38.66 |  |  |
Summary of Stock Option Activity | A summary of the stock option activity is as follows (in millions, except per-share amounts):
| STOCK OPTIONS OUTSTANDING
| Number Outstanding |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price per Share
BALANCE AT JULY 30, 2016 | 73 |  |  | $ | 26.78 |
Assumed from acquisitions | 8 |  |  | 4.47 |
Exercised | (14 | ) |  | 12.11 |
Canceled/forfeited/expired | (55 | ) |  | 31.83 |
BALANCE AT JULY 29, 2017 | 12 |  |  | 6.15 |
Assumed from acquisitions | 3 |  |  | 8.20 |
Exercised | (8 | ) |  | 5.77 |
Canceled/forfeited/expired | (1 | ) |  | 8.75 |
BALANCE AT JULY 28, 2018 | 6 |  |  | 7.18 |
Exercised | (4 | ) |  | 7.12 |
BALANCE AT JULY 27, 2019 | 2 |  |  | $ | 6.94 |
Schedule of Assumptions Used | The assumptions for the valuation of time-based RSUs and PRSUs are summarized as follows:
| RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS
Years Ended | July 27, 2019 |  | July 28, 2018 |  | July 29, 2017
Number of shares granted (in millions) | 43 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 43 |
Grant date fair value per share | $ | 47.75 |  |  | $ | 35.81 |  |  | $ | 28.38 |
Weighted-average assumptions/inputs: |  |  |  |  |
Expected dividend yield | 2.7 | % |  | 3.2 | % |  | 3.5 | %
Range of risk-free interest rates | 0.0% – 2.9% |  |  | 0.0% – 2.7% |  |  | 0.0% – 1.5% |
| PERFORMANCE BASED RESTRICTED STOCK UNITS
Years Ended | July 27, 2019 |  | July 28, 2018 |  | July 29, 2017
Number of shares granted (in millions) | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 7 |
Grant date fair value per share | $ | 47.00 |  |  | $ | 32.69 |  |  | $ | 28.94 |
Weighted-average assumptions/inputs: |  |  |  |  |
Expected dividend yield | 2.8 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  | 3.4 | %
Range of risk-free interest rates | 2.1% – 3.0% |  |  | 1.0% – 2.7% |  |  | 0.1% – 1.5% |
Range of expected volatilities for index | 13.0% - 65.2% |  |  | 12.5% - 82.8% |  |  | 16.7% – 46.8% |
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Employee Stock Purchase Plan, Valuation Assumptions | The assumptions for the valuation of employee stock purchase rights are summarized as follows:
| EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE RIGHTS
Years Ended | July 27, 2019 |  | July 28, 2018 |  | July 29, 2017
Weighted-average assumptions: |  |  |  |  |
Expected volatility | 20.4 | % |  | 22.1 | % |  | 24.6 | %
Risk-free interest rate | 1.9 | % |  | 1.3 | % |  | 0.7 | %
Expected dividend | 3.0 | % |  | 3.1 | % |  | 3.2 | %
Expected life (in years) | 1.3 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.3 |
Weighted-average estimated grant date fair value per share | $ | 9.06 |  |  | $ | 7.48 |  |  | $ | 6.52 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of activity for award under share-based payment arrangement. Includes, but is not limited to, outstanding award at beginning and end of year, granted, exercised, forfeited, and weighted-average grant date fair value. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116856206&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116856206&loc=d3e5070-113901 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116856206&loc=d3e5070-113901 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the number and weighted-average exercise prices (or conversion ratios) for stock options and stock appreciation rights that were outstanding at the beginning and end of the year, exercisable at the end of the year, and the number of stock options and stock appreciation rights that were granted, exercised or converted, forfeited, and expired during the year. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (c)(1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116856206&loc=d3e5070-113901 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the significant assumptions used during the year to estimate the fair value of employee stock purchase plans, including, but not limited to: (a) expected term, (b) expected volatility of the entity's shares, (c) expected dividends, (d) risk-free rate(s), and (e) discount for post-vesting restrictions. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (f)(2) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116856206&loc=d3e5070-113901 + Details
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